Chapter 6 - Gender Identity, Gender Roles, and Gender Differences

Question 1

Gender

Answer 1

The psychological stat or being female or being male, as influenced by cultural concepts of gender-appropriate behavior. Compare and contrast the concept of gender with anatomic sex, which is based on the physical differences between males and females.

Question 2

Sexual Differentiation

Answer 2

The process by which males and females develop distinct reproductive anatomy.

Question 3

Chromosome

Answer 3

One of the rodlike structures found in the nucleus of every living cell that carries the genetic code in the form of genes.

Question 4

Embryo

Answer 4

The stage of prenatal development that begins with implantation of a fertilized ovum in the uterus and concludes with development of the major organ systems at about two months after conception.

Question 5

Inguinal Canal

Answer 5

A fetal canal that connects the scrotum and the testes, allowing their descent.

Question 6

Cryptochidism

Answer 6

The condition defined by undescended testes.

Question 7

Klinefelter Syndrome

Answer 7

A sex-chromosomal disorder cause by an extra X sex chromosome.

Question 8

Turner Syndrome

Answer 8

A genetically determined condition associated with the presence of only one complete X chromosome and with characteristics including usually infertile ovaries, absence of menstruation, and short stature.

Question 9

Gender Identity

Answer 9

One’s belief that one is male or female.

Question 10

Sex Assignment

Answer 10

The labeling of a newborn as a male or female. Also termed gender assignment.

Question 11

Intersexual

Answer 11

A person who possesses the gonads of one anatomic sex but external genitalia that are ambiguous or typical of the other anatomic sex. Also termed pseudohermaphrodite.

Question 12

Hermaphrodite

Answer 12

A person who possesses both ovarian and testicular tissue.

Question 13

Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia

Answer 13

A form of intersexualism in which a genetic female has internal female sexual structures but masculinized external glands.

Question 14

Androgen-Insensitivity Syndrome

Answer 14

A form of intersexualism in which a genetic male is prenatally insensitive to androgens such that his genitals are not normally masculinized.

Question 15

Dominican Republic Syndrome

Answer 15

A form of intersexualism in which a genetic enzyme disorder prevents testosterone from masculinizing the external genitalia.

Question 16

Transgenderism

Answer 16

A condition in which people strongly desire to be of the other anatomic sex and live the gender roles of the other anatomic sex.

Question 17

Homosexual Transgendered Men

Answer 17

Extremely feminine gay males who seek gender reassignment.

Question 18

Autogynephilic

Answer 18

Descriptive of transgendered men who are sexually stimulated by fantasies that their own bodies are female.

Question 19

Phalloplasty

Answer 19

The surgical creation of an artificial penis.

Question 20

Stereotype

Answer 20

A fixed, conventional idea about a group of people.

Question 21

Gender Roles

Answer 21

Complex clusters of behavioral expectations for males and females.

Question 22

Sexism

Answer 22

The prejudgement that, because of his or her sex, a person will possess negative traits.

Question 23

Identification

Answer 23

In psychoanalytic theory, the process of incorporating within ourselves our perceptions of the behaviors, thoughts, and feelings of others.

Question 24

Oedipus Complex

Answer 24

According to psychoanalytic theory, a conflict of the phallic stage in which the boy wishes to possess his mother sexually and perceives his father as a rival in love.

Question 25

Socialization

Answer 25

The process of guiding people into socially acceptable behavior patterns by means of information, rewards, and punishments.

Question 26

Schema

Answer 26

Concept; way of interpreting experience of processing information.

Question 27

Gender Stability

Answer 27

The concept that people retain their genders for a lifetime.

Question 28

Gender Constancy

Answer 28

The concept that people’s genders do not change, even if they alter their dress or change their behavior.

Question 29

Gender Schema

Answer 29

A cluster of mental representations about male and female physical qualities, behaviors, and personality traits.

Question 30

Psychological Androgyny

Answer 30

A state characterized by possession of both stereotypical masculine traits and stereotypical feminine traits.

Question 31

Mullerian inhibiting substance prevents the Mullerian ducts from developing into

a) the female duct system.
b) the male duct system.
c) interstitial cells.
d) external genital glands.

Answer 31

a) the female duct system.

Question 32

Congenital adrenal hyperplasia is caused by excessive levels of

a) androgens.
b) estradiol.
c) pheromones.
d) Mullerian inhibiting substance.

Answer 32

a) androgens.

Question 33

Trangendered people are most likely to have

a) an extra X chromosome.
b) androgen insensitivity syndrome.
c) aggressive tendencies.
d) gender dysphoria.

Answer 33

d) gender dysphoria.

Question 34

The masculine gender-role stereotype is seen as all of the following except

a) sensitive.
b) tough.
c) protective.
d) gentlemanly.

Answer 34

a) sensitive.

Question 35

Which gender difference is supported by evidence?

a) Males are better writers.
b) Females are better in math and science.
c) Females are more aggressive.
d) Males have more reading problems.

Answer 35

d) Males have more reading problems.

Question 36

According to sexual strategies theory,

a) women choose the best-looking men.
b) only humans have long term mates.
c) men are more interested in short-term sexual variety.
d) women seek sex without commitment.

Answer 36

c) men are more interested in short-term sexual variety.

Question 37

According to Kohlberg, gender ______ develops last.

a) stability
b) identity
c) exclusivity
d) constancy

Answer 37

d) constancy

Question 38

The concept of the third gender challenges

a) feminist theory.
b) queer theory.
c) heteronormativity.
d) transgender activism.

Answer 38

c) heteronormativity.

Question 39

Research shows that following sex reassignment, most male-to-female transsexuals

a) are orgasmic during sexual intercourse.
b) regret their decision to have the operation.
c) develop psychological disorders they did not show evidence of previously.
d) eventually discontinue hormone treatments.

Answer 39

a) are orgasmic during sexual intercourse.

Question 40

The most common form of female intersexualism is

a) Dominican Republic syndrome.
b) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.
c) transgenderism.
d) gender instability.

Answer 40

b) congenital adrenal hyperplasia.