Chapter 4 - Male Sexual Anatomy and Physiology Flashcards
Corpora Cavernosa
Cylinders of spongy issue in the penis that become congested with blood and stiffen during arousal.
Corpus Spongiosum
The spongy body that runs along the bottom of the penis, contains the penile urethra, and enlarges at the tip of the penis to form the glans.
Corona
The ridge that separates the glans from the body of the penis.
Frenulum
The sensitive strop of tissue that connects the underside of the penile glans to the shaft.
Root
The base of the penis, which extends into the pelvis.
Shaft
The body of the penis, which expands as a result of vasoconstriction.
Foreskin
The look skin that covers the penile glans. Also referred to as the prepuce.
Circumcision
Surgical removal of the foreskin of the penis.
Phimosis
An abnormal condition in which the foreskin is so tight that it cannot be withdrawn from the glans.
Scrotum
The pouch of loose skin that contains the testes.
Spermatic Cord
The cord that suspends a testicle within the scrotum and contains a vas deferens, blood vessels, nerves, and the cremaster muscle.
Vas Deferens
A tube that conducts sperm from the testicle to the ejaculatory duct of the penis.
Cremaster Muscle
The muscle that raises and lowers the testicle in response to temperature changes and sexual stimulation.
Dartos Muscle
The muscle in the middle later of the scrotum that contracts and relaxes in response to temperature changes.
Germ Vell
A cell from which a new organism develops.
Sperm
The male germ cell.
Androgens
Male sex hormones.
Testosterone
A male steroid sex hormone.
Interstitial Cells
Cells that lie between the seminiferous tubules and secrete testosterone.
Leydig’s Cells
Another term for interstitial cells.
Secondary Sex Characteristics
Traits that distinguish the genders but are not directly involved in reproduction.
Seminiferous Tubules
Tiny, winding, sperm-producing tubes within the lobes of the testes.
Spermatogenesis
The process by which sperm cells are produced and developed.
Spermatocyte
An early stage in the development of sperm cells, in which each parent cell has 46 chromosomes, including one X and one Y sex chromosome.
Spermatids
Cells formed by the division of spermatocytes. Each spermatid has 23 chromosomes.
Spermatozoa
Mature sperm cells.
Epididymis
A tube that lies agains the back wall of each testicle and stores sperm.
Vasectomy
Severing of the vas deferens, preventing sperm, from reaching the ejaculatory duct.
Seminal Vesicles
Small glands that lie behind the bladder and secrete fluids that combine with sperm in the ejaculatory duct.
Ejaculatory Duct
A Duct formed by the convergence of a vas deferens with a seminal vesicle through which sperm pass through the prostate gland and into the urethra.
Cilia
Hairlike projections from cells that beat rhythmically to produce locomotion or currents.
Cowper’s Glands
Structures that lie below the prostate and empty their secretions into the urethra during sexual arousal.
Bulbourethral Glands
Another term for Cowper’s Glands.
Prostate Glands
The gland that lies beneath the bladder and secretes prostatic fluid, which gives semen its characteristic odor and texture.
Semen
The whitish fluid that constitutes the ejaculate, consisting of sperm and secretions from the seminal vesicles, prostate, and Cowper’s glands.
Urethritis
An inflammation of the bladder or urethra.
Cryptorchidism
A condition in which one or two testicles fails to descend from the abdomen into the scrotum.
Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia
Enlargement of the prostate due to hormonal changes of aging and symptomizes by urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and difficulty starting the flow of urine.
Prostatitis
Inflammation of the prostate gland.
Erection
Enlargement and stiffening of the penis caused by engorgement with blood.
Performance Anxiety
Feelings of dread and foreboding experienced in connection with sexual activity (or any other activity that might be judged by another person).
Sacrum
The thick, triangular bone located near the bottom of the spinal column.
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)
The division of the nervous system that regulates automatic bodily processes, such as heartbeat, pupal dilation, respiration, and digestion.
Sympathetic
The branch of the ANS most active during emotional responses that spend energy, such as fear and anxiety. The sympathetic ANS largely controls ejaculation.
Parasympathetic
The branch of the ANS most active during processes that restore energy, like digestion. The parasympathetic ANS largely controls erection.
Peyronie’s Disease
Excessive curvature of the penis that can make erections painful.
Orgasm
The climax of sexual excitement.
Paraplegic
A person with sensory and motor paralysis of the lower half of the body.
Emission Stage
The first phase of ejaculation, which involves contractions of the prostate gland, seminal vesicles, and the upper part of the vas deferens.
Ampulla
A sac of dilated part of a tube or canal.
Urethral Bulb
The small tube that makes up the pros static part of the urethral tract and balloons out as muscles close at either end, trapping semen prior to ejaculation.
Expulsion Stage
The second stage of ejaculation, during which muscles at the base of the penis and elsewhere contract rhythmically, forcefully expelling semen and providing pleasurable sensations.
Retrograde Ejaculation
Ejaculation in which the ejaculate empties into the bladder.
_____ is characterized by prolonged erection.
Priapism
During the emission stage of ejaculation, semen is propelled into the ______.
urethral bulb
Both male and females have ______.
corpora cavernosum
Male circumcision removes the _____.
prepuce
Scrotal temperature tends to be ______ body temperature.
5 to 6 degrees Fahrenheit lower than
_______ stimulates secretion of testosterone by interstitial cells.
Luteinizing hormone
________ nano grams of prostate specific antigen per milliliter of blood are considered normal.
Under 4
Both semen and urine pass through the ______.
urethral meatus
Men have erections every ________ minutes of so while they sleep.
90
The human penis contains ________.
corpora cavernosa
