Chapter 6: Energy Balance Flashcards
A nutrient that does not provide energy for the body is
a. carbohydrate.
b. protein.
c. vitamins.
d. fat.
vitamins.
Energy is lost from the body as
a. heat.
b. urine.
c. sweat.
d. fat.
heat.
Energy is lost from the body as heat when the internal energy cycle changes stored energy into body fuels, which the body uses for various functions. As the cycle continues water is excreted, carbon dioxide is exhaled, and heat is radiated, returning the end products to the external environment.
The unit of measurement used to refer to the amount of energy in food is the
a. watt.
b. kilogram.
c. milligram.
d. kilocalorie.
kilocalorie.
and is the amount of heat necessary to raise 1 kg of water 1° C.
The total number of kilocalories in a snack that contains 10 g carbohydrate, 2 g protein, and 5 g fat is _____ kcal.
93
ANS: C 10 g carbohydrate X 4 kcal/g = 40 kcal. 2 g protein X 4 kcal/g = 8 kcal. 5 g fat X 9 kcal/g = 45 kcal. Total calories = 40 kcal + 8 kcal + 45 kcal = 93 kcal.
The external energy cycle includes
a. the moon.
b. growing plants.
c. crystals.
d. metabolism.
growing plants.
which transform energy from the sun into stored chemical energy.
After foods are eaten, they are converted into which of the following body fuels?
a. Amino acids and fatty acids
b. Fatty acids and glucose
c. Glucose and triglycerides
d. Glycogen and glucose
Fatty acids and glucose
Carbohydrates are the body’s main fuel, with fat assisting in this process.
Fever causes the metabolic rate to
a. increase.
b. decrease.
c. fluctuate.
d. stay the same.
increase.
Fever increases basal metabolic rate by approximately 7% for each 1° F rise in temperature.
The amount of energy the body needs to maintain life while at digestive, physical, and emotional rest is called the
a. basal metabolism.
b. indirect calorimetry.
c. respiratory quotient.
d. nitrogen balance.
basal metabolism.
Basal metabolism is measured when an individual is at complete digestive, physical, and emotional rest. It differs from resting energy expenditure, which is slightly higher because of the sum of all internal working activities of the body, some of which may not be at complete rest. In clinical practice resting energy expenditure is measured.
Metabolically active tissues in the body include
a. the heart, muscles, and intestine.
b. the brain, nerves, and hair.
c. the liver, kidney, and fingernails and toenails.
d. all body tissues.
the heart, muscles, and intestine.
The majority of energy is used by small but highly active tissues, including the liver, brain, heart, kidney, and gastrointestinal tract. These organs account for less than 5% of the total body weight but 60% to 75% of basal metabolic needs.
In clinical practice, basal or resting energy expenditure is estimated by using
a. blood tests.
b. calipers.
c. diet histories.
d. indirect calorimetry.
indirect calorimetry.
measures the amount of energy a person uses while at rest. A portable metabolic cart allows the person to breathe into an attached mouthpiece or ventilated hood system while lying in bed, and the normal exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide is measured. The metabolic rate can be determined from the rate of oxygen utilization.
The term for the effect of food intake on metabolic rate is
a. thermic effect of food.
b. resting metabolic rate.
c. total energy requirement.
d. indirect calorimetry.
thermic effect of food
Once food is eaten, it stimulates metabolism and requires extra energy for digestion, absorption, and transport of the nutrients to the cells. This stimulation is referred to as the thermic effect of food.
The sum of basal metabolism, energy expended in physical activity, and thermic effect of food is known as
a. metabolic rate.
b. energy intake.
c. basal energy needs.
d. total energy requirement.
total energy requirement
Demands that determine the body’s total energy requirement include resting energy expenditure, physical activities, and the thermic effect of food.
When energy intake exceeds energy expenditure, the result can be
a. anorexia.
b. malnutrition.
c. obesity.
d. hyperactivity.
obesity.
Excess intake without expenditure results in excess storage of nutrients in the body.
An activity that results in increased energy expenditure is
a. cleaning house.
b. balancing a checkbook.
c. experiencing emotional stress.
d. playing video games.
cleaning house.
Different kilocalorie expenditures (energy output) occur with different types of activities; those involving more energy expenditure per pound per hour carry a higher value than those requiring less energy expenditure per pound per hour. In this case, cleaning a house requires 1.36 kcal/lb/hour compared with balancing a checkbook, experiencing emotional stress, or playing video games.
The thermic effect of food refers to the fact that
a. all nutrients contain calories.
b. certain foods are more stimulating than others to the gastrointestinal tract.
c. the presence of food in the stomach starts the process of digestion.
d. the process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food requires energy
the process of digestion, absorption, and metabolism of food requires energy.
Once food is eaten, it stimulates metabolism and requires extra energy for digestion, absorption, and transport of the nutrients to the cells. This stimulation is referred to as the thermic effect of food.
