Chapter 6 Energy Flashcards
Convert Celsius to Fahrenheit
Convert by doubling the celsius number. Then subtract from the doubled number the first digit of that result. Add 32.
What energy does to matter.
Energy holds matter together.
Unit of measurement for energy.
joules
Operational “definition”/description of energy
The ability to do work.
Potential energy (PE)
the energy of position OR the energy of condition.
Kinetic energy (KE)
the energy of motion.
Richard Feynman
A great American physicist of 20th century. Worked on first atomic bomb and on quantum physics.
One way to classify energy (types of energy):
mechanical, thermal, acoustic, electrical, magnetic, radiant, chemical, nuclear, and mass energy.
Mechanical energy consists of both:
mechanical potential energy and kinetic energy,
Calculate GPE (gravitational potential energy)
GPE = w x h (weight in Newtons of the object and the height it falls in meters)
Kinetic Energy (KE) formula
KE = 1/2 of its mass x its speed (v) squared
thermal motion
the motion of particles in matter due to their thermal energy.
kinetic-molecular model of matter says
matter consists of innumerable tiny particles in constant, random motion.
thermal energy
average sum of the kinetic energies of all the particles in an object.
All particle motion ceases at:
absolute zero (0 Kelvin) (but absolute zero can’t be reached)
Changes of thermal energy are noted by
changes in temperature
definition of heat
the movement of thermal energy into or out of a system.
cooling
the process of losing thermal energy
acoustic energy
the transmission of energy THROUGH MATTER by particle OSCILLATIONS in BACK and FORTH VIBRATIONS (ex, explosions, vocal cords)
Electrical energy
electric charges in matter that exert field forces on their surroundings.
magnetism exerts
a field of force–that comes from the order and motion of electrons within atoms.
Natural sources of magnetism
certain rocks, the earth, many of the largest bodies in our solar system.
electromagnetic energy
two forms of the same energy and can be radiated by matter. (The motion of electrons makes magnetic fields. A rapid change in magnetic field around a wire makes electricity. )
Chemical energy
the potential energy stored in chemical bonds.
Einstein’s famous equation “E=m x c squared” tells us
that energy and matter are equivalent to each other.
Two ways nuclear energy is released
fission (large nuclei split), and fusion (small nuclei smashed together).
Mass energy
the energy you could get if you changed all of an atom’s mass into energy according to E=m x c squared.
