Chapter 6: Emotion

Question 1

Emotions

Answer 1

… can be defined as brief, specific, subjective responses to challenges or opportunities that are important to our goals.

Question 2

focal emotions

Answer 2

Batja Mesquita proposes that cultures vary in their …, those that are relatively common in the everyday lives of the members of a culture and are experienced and expressed with greater frequency and intensity.

Question 3

affect valuation theory

Answer 3

Why do some emotions become focal in a particular culture? Jeanne Tsai and her colleagues have offered one answer in their … They argue that emotions that promote important cultural ideals are valued and will tend to play a more prominent role in the social lives of individuals.

Question 4

broaden-and-build hypothesis

Answer 4

… Here the central idea is that whereas negative emotions narrow our attention on the details of what we are perceiving, positive emotions broaden our patterns of thinking in ways that help us expand our understanding of the world and build our social relationships

Question 5

social intuitionist model of moral judgment

Answer 5

Haidt´s … The central idea is that our moral judgments are the product of fast, emotional intuitions, like the gut feeling that incest is wrong, which then influence how we reason about the issue in question. We feel our way to our moral judgments, in other words; we don´t reason our way there. Reason often follows our immediate gut feeling, serving merely to justify the moral conviction we arrived at intuitively or emotionally

Question 6

focalism

Answer 6

Another reason people sometimes have difficulty predicting what will make | them happy is due to a bias known as …: we focus too much on the most immediate and most central (or “focal”) elements of significant events, such as our initial despair upon learning a romantic partner is leaving us, and we fail to consider how other aspects of our lives will influence how happy we are