Chapter 6: DNA and Gene Expression Flashcards
Why is DNA so valuable?
because all organisims carry DNA in almost every cell in their body, and every person’s DNA is unique
who discovered DNA structure?
James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953
the double helix is held together by
hydrogen bonds
_ to _ at ends: _ to _ at top of DNA strands
3,5: 5,3
DNA contains the genetic information that carries
the detailed information required to build an organism and keep it running
the central dogma information in a cell flows from
DNA to RNA to Proteins
genome
a organisms complete set of DNA
chromosome
linear or circular pice of DNA with specific base pair sequence that contains many genes
gene
sequences of nucleotides on a chromosome that carries information for a protein or RNA, also code for different forms
alleles
code for the same trait, any characteristic or feature of an organism such as a flower color, eye color, height
noncoding DNA
DNA that does not code for proteins
How do genes work?
genes are the storehouse of information with 2 step process of transcription and translation
transcription
gene sequence copied from DNA to go between molecule call mRNA
translation
gene sequence is now encoded in mRNA that directs production of a protein
what is the difference between DNA and RNA?
DNA is double-stranded and contains sugar deoxyribose while RNA is signal stranded and contains ribose
base in DNA adnine (A) goes to
base in RNA uracil (U)
Base in DNA Thymine (T)
based in RNA Adenine (A)
Base is DNA Cytosine (C)
base in Guanine (G)