Chapter 4: Cells

Question 1

All organisms are made of cells

Answer 1

that are both unicellular and multicellular

Question 2

what are the 3 parts of cell theory?

Answer 2

-all living things are composed of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function for living things
-all cells come from preexisting cells

Question 3

Magnification

Answer 3

makes small objects bigger

Question 4

Resolution

Answer 4

Ability to distinguish detail

Question 5

What are some of the largest cells?

Answer 5

eggs

Question 6

Prokaryotic cell structure contains

Answer 6

The plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosome, cell wall, capsule, pilus, and flagellum,

Question 7

Eukaryotic cells contain

Answer 7

cells DNA and are categorized as plant or animal

Question 8

the animal and plant cell contian everything together but

Answer 8

centriole(animal), chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole(plant)

Question 9

endosymbiosis theory

Answer 9

explains the origin of two types of organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplast

Question 10

endosymbiosis

Answer 10

where one organism lives inside another

Question 11

Nucleus

Answer 11

the largest organelle that is the genetic control center and storage for hereditary material. its structures contain chromatin and nucleolus

Question 12

cytoskeleton

Answer 12

provides shape and support to cells while also controlling traffic flow and enabling movement

Question 13

microtubules

Answer 13

thick hollow tubes that track what molecules and organelles may attach and be moved

Question 14

intermediate filaments

Answer 14

durable, rope-like system that gives cells great strength

Question 15

microfilaments

Answer 15

long solid rod-like fibers that help with cell contraction and cell division

Question 16

cilia

Answer 16

orange egg in uterus

Question 17

flagella

Answer 17

human sperm cells

Question 18

mitochondria

Answer 18

powerhouse that converts energy in the form of ATP

Question 19

lysosomes

Answer 19

cells garbage disposal

Question 20

endomembrane system

Answer 20

surrounds nucleus and produces and modifies molecules to be exported to other parts of the organism,breaks down toxic chemicals

Question 21

rough endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 21

modifies proteins that will be move to other locations

Question 22

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Answer 22

synthesizes lipids like fatty acids and detoxifies molecules like alcohol or waste products

Question 23

golgi apparatus

Answer 23

packages proteins, lipids, etc for export to other locations

Question 24

plant cell walls are made of

Answer 24

a carbohydrate called cellulose

Question 25

plasmodesmata

Answer 25

microscopic tube that connects plant cells and allow communication

Question 26

vacuoles

Answer 26

nutrients and are multipurpose storage sacs for cells

Question 27

chloroplast

Answer 27

the site of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy of food to produce oxygen

Question 28

cells are surrounded by

Answer 28

plasma membrane that holds the content of a cell in place

Question 29

plama membranes are mostly made up of

Answer 29

phospholipids, phosphate "head"=hydrophilic fatty acids "tails"=hydrophobic

Question 30

phospholipid bilayer

Answer 30

two layers of phospholipids that arrange themselves into a bilayer in solution

Question 31

peripheral proteins

Answer 31

are attached to outside or inside of the membrane

Question 32

membrane surfaces have a

Answer 32

"fingerprint" that identifes the cell

Question 33

cholesterol

Answer 33

helps membranes maintain fluidity and stability

Question 34

what holds cells together in a multicellular organism?

Answer 34

cell-cell junctions

Question 35

how do molecules move across membranes?

Answer 35

cell membranes control the movement of molecules into and out of the cell

Question 36

selective permeability

Answer 36

allow some substances to pass and others not like fatty acid, cholesterol, and hormones can diffuse past

Question 37

diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of

Answer 37

higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and does not require energy

Question 38

the two types of passive diffusion are

Answer 38

simple and facilitated diffusion

Question 39

osmosis is

Answer 39

the passive transport of water molecules across the membrance

Question 40

active transport requires the input of

Answer 40

energy to move across a membrane while using atp

Question 41

endocytosis and exocytosis move

Answer 41

large particles

Question 42

phagocytosis

Answer 42

type of endocytosis by which cells engulf large particles

Question 43

exocytosis

Answer 43

shuttles molecules out of the cell

Question 44

what are the differences between prokarytoic and eukaryotic cells?

Answer 44

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokarytoic cells do not

Question 45

what are the two groups of prokaryotic organisms?

Answer 45

bacteria and archera

Question 46

what cell structures is found in ALL cells?

Answer 46

cell membrane,ribosomes,cytoplasm, and dna

Question 47

why do ions have a difficult time getting through the membrane?

Answer 47

ions are charged and hydrophilic and cannon associate with the lipid portion of the membrane

Question 48

Difference between active and passive transport

Answer 48

active requires energy, passive does not require energy

Question 49

concentration gradient

Answer 49

happens when concentration of particles are higher in one area than another

Question 50

facilitated diffusion

Answer 50

molecules diffues across a plasma membrane with help from membrane proteins like channels and carriers

Question 51

processes of endocytosis and exocytosis

Answer 51

endo absorbes while exo exports