Chapter 4: Cells Flashcards

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1
Q

All organisms are made of cells

A

that are both unicellular and multicellular

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2
Q

what are the 3 parts of cell theory?

A

-all living things are composed of cells
-cells are the basic units of structure and function for living things
-all cells come from preexisting cells

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3
Q

Magnification

A

makes small objects bigger

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4
Q

Resolution

A

Ability to distinguish detail

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5
Q

What are some of the largest cells?

A

eggs

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6
Q

Prokaryotic cell structure contains

A

The plasma membrane, cytosol, DNA, ribosome, cell wall, capsule, pilus, and flagellum,

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7
Q

Eukaryotic cells contain

A

cells DNA and are categorized as plant or animal

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8
Q

the animal and plant cell contian everything together but

A

centriole(animal), chloroplast, cell wall, vacuole(plant)

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9
Q

endosymbiosis theory

A

explains the origin of two types of organelles, the mitochondria and chloroplast

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10
Q

endosymbiosis

A

where one organism lives inside another

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11
Q

Nucleus

A

the largest organelle that is the genetic control center and storage for hereditary material. its structures contain chromatin and nucleolus

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12
Q

cytoskeleton

A

provides shape and support to cells while also controlling traffic flow and enabling movement

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13
Q

microtubules

A

thick hollow tubes that track what molecules and organelles may attach and be moved

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14
Q

intermediate filaments

A

durable, rope-like system that gives cells great strength

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15
Q

microfilaments

A

long solid rod-like fibers that help with cell contraction and cell division

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16
Q

cilia

A

orange egg in uterus

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17
Q

flagella

A

human sperm cells

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18
Q

mitochondria

A

powerhouse that converts energy in the form of ATP

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19
Q

lysosomes

A

cells garbage disposal

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20
Q

endomembrane system

A

surrounds nucleus and produces and modifies molecules to be exported to other parts of the organism,breaks down toxic chemicals

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21
Q

rough endoplasmic reticulum

A

modifies proteins that will be move to other locations

22
Q

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

A

synthesizes lipids like fatty acids and detoxifies molecules like alcohol or waste products

23
Q

golgi apparatus

A

packages proteins, lipids, etc for export to other locations

24
Q

plant cell walls are made of

A

a carbohydrate called cellulose

25
Q

plasmodesmata

A

microscopic tube that connects plant cells and allow communication

26
Q

vacuoles

A

nutrients and are multipurpose storage sacs for cells

27
Q

chloroplast

A

the site of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy of food to produce oxygen

28
Q

cells are surrounded by

A

plasma membrane that holds the content of a cell in place

29
Q

plama membranes are mostly made up of

A

phospholipids, phosphate “head”=hydrophilic
fatty acids “tails”=hydrophobic

30
Q

phospholipid bilayer

A

two layers of phospholipids that arrange themselves into a bilayer in solution

31
Q

peripheral proteins

A

are attached to outside or inside of the membrane

32
Q

membrane surfaces have a

A

“fingerprint” that identifes the cell

33
Q

cholesterol

A

helps membranes maintain fluidity and stability

34
Q

what holds cells together in a multicellular organism?

A

cell-cell junctions

35
Q

how do molecules move across membranes?

A

cell membranes control the movement of molecules into and out of the cell

36
Q

selective permeability

A

allow some substances to pass and others not like fatty acid, cholesterol, and hormones can diffuse past

37
Q

diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of

A

higher concentration to an area of lower concentration and does not require energy

38
Q

the two types of passive diffusion are

A

simple and facilitated diffusion

39
Q

osmosis is

A

the passive transport of water molecules across the membrance

40
Q

active transport requires the input of

A

energy to move across a membrane while using atp

41
Q

endocytosis and exocytosis move

A

large particles

42
Q

phagocytosis

A

type of endocytosis by which cells engulf large particles

43
Q

exocytosis

A

shuttles molecules out of the cell

44
Q

what are the differences between prokarytoic and eukaryotic cells?

A

eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and prokarytoic cells do not

45
Q

what are the two groups of prokaryotic organisms?

A

bacteria and archera

46
Q

what cell structures is found in ALL cells?

A

cell membrane,ribosomes,cytoplasm, and dna

47
Q

why do ions have a difficult time getting through the membrane?

A

ions are charged and hydrophilic and cannon associate with the lipid portion of the membrane

48
Q

Difference between active and passive transport

A

active requires energy, passive does not require energy

49
Q

concentration gradient

A

happens when concentration of particles are higher in one area than another

50
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

molecules diffues across a plasma membrane with help from membrane proteins like channels and carriers

51
Q

processes of endocytosis and exocytosis

A

endo absorbes while exo exports