Chapter 6: Diseases of the immune system Flashcards
Name the main constituents of the innate immune response:
1) Epithelial barrier
2) Phagocytic cells (macrophages neutrophils)
3) NK cells
4) Complement
5) Dendritic cells
How does TLRs work?
1) Binds PAMP
2) Through NF-kappa-B activates the cll to secrete cytokines which recruits leukocytes.
Main reactions of innate immunity:
1) Inflammation - cytokines and complement
2) antiviral - Interferon type I acts on cells and activates enzymes that degrade viral nucelic acids.
NLRs?
Nod like receptors - activates inflammasome which cleaves IL-1 and makes it acctive - pro inflammatory.
Main constituents of the adaptive immune response:
1) Lymphocytes and their secreted proteins
Humoral immunity:
Adaptive branch - extracellular microbes defense. - mediated by B-cells and antigens
Cell mediated immunity?
Adaptive branch - intracellular immunity - mediated by T-cells
Innate cytokines:
TNF, IL-1, IL-12, Type I interferons, IFN-gamma.
Adaptive cytokines:
IL-2, IL-4, IL-5, IL-17
Immune surpressive cytokines:
IL-19 and TGF-Beta
Colony stimulating cytokines:
CSF (GM-CSF in particular granulocyt macrophage) and IL-7.
What is hypersensitivity?
A harmful immune reaction to a given antigen.
1) can be elictid by self or non-self antigens
2) Usually imbalance between effector mechanisms and control mechanisms.
Hypersensitivity classification:
Type I = Immediate (Th2, IgE and Mast cells)
Type 2 = Antybody mediated
Type 3 = Immune complexes
Type 4 = cell mediated
Type I sensitivity pathogenesis:
1) exposure to antigen and bynding by APC
2) APC show to T-cell - differentiate into Th2
3) IL-4 (IgE switch 0 more th2), IL-5 (eosinophiles) and IL-13 (enhances IgE prod.) is produced and T
Mediators within mast cell granules:
1) vasoactive amines - eg histamine
2) Enzymes - proteases
3) Proteoglycans - eg heparin (anticoagulant)
4) Arachnoid acid derivviates - eg prostaglandins, leukotrienes, platelet activating factor
5) cytokines - IL-1, TNF, IL-4,