Chapter 6 - Digest System Disease and Conditions

Question 1

anorexia

Answer 1

lack or loss of appetite, resulting in the inability to eat

Question 2

appendicitis

Answer 2

inflammation of the appendiz, usually caused by a obstruction or infection

Question 3

ascites

Answer 3

abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity, usually as a result of chronic liver disease, a neoplasm, or an inflammatory disorder in the abdomen

Question 4

borborygmus

Answer 4

rumbling or gurgling noises that are audible at a distance and caused by passage of gas through the liquid contents of the intestine

Question 5

cachexia

Answer 5

physical wasting that includes loss of weight and muscle mass and is commonly associated with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) and cancer; also called wasting syndrome

Question 6

cholelithiasis

Answer 6

presence or formation of gallstones in the gallbladder

Question 7

cirrhosis

Answer 7

scarring and dysfunction of the liver caused by chronic liver disease

Question 8

Crohn disease

Answer 8

form of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), usually of the ileum but possible affecting any portion of the intestinal tract, also called regional enteritis

Question 9

dysentery

Answer 9

inflammation of the intestine, especially the colon, that may be caused by ingesting water or food containing chemical irritants, bacteria, protozoa, or parasites and results in bloody diarrhea

Question 10

flatus

Answer 10

gas in the GI tract; expelling of air from a body orifice, especially the anus

Question 11

gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD)

Answer 11

backflow of gastric contents into the esophagus as a result of a malfunction of the sphincter muscle at the inferior portion of the esophagus

Question 12

halitosis

Answer 12

foul-smelling breath

Question 13

hematemesis

Answer 13

vomiting of blood from bleeding in the stomach or esophagus

Question 14

hemorrhoids

Answer 14

swollen varicose veins in the anorectal region categorized as external or internal

Question 15

intestinal obstruction

Answer 15

mechanical or functional blockage of the intestines that occurs when the contents of the intestine cannot move forward through the intestinal tract because of a partial or complete blockage of the bowel

Question 16

irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)

Answer 16

symptom complex marked by abdominal pain and altered bowel function (typically constipation, diarrhea, or alternating constipation and diarrhea) for which no organic cause can be determined; also called spastic colon

Question 17

malabsorption syndrome

Answer 17

symptom complex of the small intestine characterized by the impaired passage of nutrients, minerals, or fluids through intestinal villi into the blood or lymph

Question 18

melena

Answer 18

dark, tar-like feces that contain digested blood from bleeding in the esophagus or stomach

Question 19

obestity

Answer 19

excessive accumulation of fat that exceeds the body’s skeletal and physical standards, usually an increase of 20% or more above ideal body weight

Question 20

morbid

Answer 20

obesity in which BMI is greater than 40 and generally 100lb or more over ideal body weight

Question 21

obstipation

Answer 21

severe constipation, which may be caused by an intestinal obstruction

Question 22

oral leukoplakia

Answer 22

formation of white spots or patches on the mucous membrane of the tongue, lips, or cheek caused primarily by irritation

Question 23

pancreatitis

Answer 23

inflammation of the pancreas

Question 24

pyloric stenosis

Answer 24

stricture or narrowing of the pyloric sphincter (circular muscle of the pylorus) at the outlet of the stomach, causing an obstruction that blocks the flow of food into the small intestine

Question 25

regurgitation

Answer 25

a backward flow, as in return of solids or fluids to the mouth from the stomach

Question 26

ulcerative colitis

Answer 26

chronic inflammatory disease of the colon, commonly beginning in the rectum or sigmoid colon and extending upward into the entire colon