Chapter 4 - Diseases and Conditions

Question 1

adhesion

Answer 1

abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated

Question 2

edema

Answer 2

abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissues spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site

Question 3

febrile

Answer 3

having or showing symptoms of a fever

Question 4

gangrene

Answer 4

death and decay or soft tissue usually cause by circulatory obstruction or infection

Question 5

hernia

Answer 5

protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it

Question 6

inflammation

Answer 6

body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with the loss of function

Question 7

mycosis

Answer 7

any fungal infection in or on the body

Question 8

perforation

Answer 8

hole that completely penetrates a structure

Question 9

peritonitis

Answer 9

inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers it organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi

Question 10

rupture

Answer 10

sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ

Question 11

septicemia

Answer 11

severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood; also called sepsis or blood poisioning

Question 12

suppuration

Answer 12

process of forming pus

Question 13

auscultation

Answer 13

listening to the heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds

Question 14

inspection

Answer 14

general observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas

Question 15

palpatation

Answer 15

gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures

Question 16

percussion

Answer 16

tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure

Question 17

endoscopy

Answer 17

visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope

Question 18

blood chemical analysis

Answer 18

laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities and nutritional conditions

Question 19

complete blood count (CBC)

Answer 19

broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases

Question 20

computed tomography (CT)

Answer 20

imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter arounds the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles

Question 21

fluoroscopy

Answer 21

technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion

Question 22

magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)

Answer 22

technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multi-planar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues

Question 23

nucelar scan

Answer 23

technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) produces images of organs and structures

Question 24

positron emission tomography (PET)

Answer 24

computed tomography records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease

Question 25

radiography

Answer 25

technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray

Question 26

single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)

Answer 26

radiological technique that integrated CT and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs

Question 27

ultrasonography (US)

Answer 27

high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as ‘echoes’ to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography and echo

Question 28

biopsy

Answer 28

removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis

Question 29

excisional biopsy

Answer 29

biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed

Question 30

incisional biopsy

Answer 30

biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed

Question 31

ablation

Answer 31

removal of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)

Question 32

anastomosis

Answer 32

surgical joining or two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another

Question 33

curettage

Answer 33

scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette

Question 34

electrocauterization

Answer 34

use of an electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue

Question 35

incision and drainage (I&D)

Answer 35

incision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess, or body cavity

Question 36

laser surgery

Answer 36

use of a high-intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, to stop bleeding, or for cosmetic purposes

Question 37

revision

Answer 37

surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery