Chapter 4 - Diseases and Conditions Flashcards
adhesion
abnormal fibrous band that holds or binds together tissues that are normally separated
edema
abnormal accumulation of fluid within tissues spaces as a result of systematic disease or failure of the lymphatic system to drain tissue fluid from the site
febrile
having or showing symptoms of a fever
gangrene
death and decay or soft tissue usually cause by circulatory obstruction or infection
hernia
protrusion of any organ through the structure that normally contains it
inflammation
body defense against injury, infection, or allergy marked by redness, swelling, heat, and pain, sometimes with the loss of function
mycosis
any fungal infection in or on the body
perforation
hole that completely penetrates a structure
peritonitis
inflammation of the peritoneum, the serous membrane that surrounds the abdominal cavity and covers it organs, usually caused by bacteria or fungi
rupture
sudden breaking or bursting of a structure or organ
septicemia
severe bacterial infection of the tissues that spreads to the blood; also called sepsis or blood poisioning
suppuration
process of forming pus
auscultation
listening to the heart, bowel, and lungs with or without a stethoscope to assess the presence and quality of sounds
inspection
general observation of the patient as a whole, progressing to specific body areas
palpatation
gentle application of the hands to a specific structure or body area to determine size, consistency, texture, symmetry, and tenderness of underlying structures
percussion
tapping a body structure with the hand or fingers to assess consistency and the presence or absence of fluids within the underlying structure
endoscopy
visual examination of a body cavity or canal using a specialized lighted instrument called an endoscope
blood chemical analysis
laboratory test, usually performed on serum, to determine biochemical imbalances, abnormalities and nutritional conditions
complete blood count (CBC)
broad screening test used to evaluate red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets to determine anemias, infections, and other diseases
computed tomography (CT)
imaging technique that rotates an x-ray emitter arounds the area to be evaluated and measures the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
fluoroscopy
technique in which x-rays are directed through the body to a fluorescent screen that displays internal structures in continuous motion
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)
technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field, rather than an x-ray beam, to produce highly detailed, multi-planar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
nucelar scan
technique in which a radioactive material (radiopharmaceutical) called a tracer is introduced into the body (inhaled, ingested or injected) and a specialized camera (gamma camera) produces images of organs and structures
positron emission tomography (PET)
computed tomography records the positrons (positively charged particles) emitted from a radiopharmaceutical to produce a cross-sectional image of the metabolic activity of body tissues to determine the presence of disease
radiography
technique in which x-rays are passed through the body or area and captured on a film to generate an image; also called x-ray
single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT)
radiological technique that integrated CT and a radioactive material (tracer) injected into the bloodstream to visualize blood flow to tissues and organs
ultrasonography (US)
high-frequency sound waves (ultrasound) are directed at soft tissue and reflected as ‘echoes’ to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure; also called ultrasound, sonography and echo
biopsy
removal of a representative tissue sample from a body site for microscopic examination, usually to establish a diagnosis
excisional biopsy
biopsy in which the entire lesion is removed
incisional biopsy
biopsy in which only a small sample of the lesion is removed
ablation
removal of a body part, pathway, or function by surgery, chemical destruction, electrocautery, freezing, or radio frequency (RF)
anastomosis
surgical joining or two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
curettage
scraping of a body cavity with a spoon-shaped instrument called a curette
electrocauterization
use of an electrically activated instrument to burn and destroy diseased tissue
incision and drainage (I&D)
incision made to allow the free flow of fluids and pus from a wound, abscess, or body cavity
laser surgery
use of a high-intensity laser light beam to remove diseased tissues, to stop bleeding, or for cosmetic purposes
revision
surgical procedure used to replace or compensate for a previously implanted device or correct an undesirable result or effect of a previous surgery
