Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Abnormal psychology > Chapter 6: Depressive and Bipolar disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Depressive and Bipolar disorders Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Psychology flashcards Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

Answer:

what percent of the US adult population suffers from unipolar depression in any given year?

what percent suffer mild form?

A

8%

5% suffer mild form

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Answer:

what percent of adults experience unipolar depression at some time in their lives?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Answer:

When is the average onset of unipolar depression?

A

19 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List:

Types of symptoms of depression

5 points

A
  • emotional symptoms
  • motivational symptoms
  • behavioral symptoms
  • cognitive symptoms
  • physical symptoms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

List:

types of depressive disorders

3 points

A
  • major depressive disorder
  • persistent depressive disorder
  • premenstrual dysphoric disorder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Define:

Major depressive episode

A

for a 2 week period, person displays an increase in depressed mood for the majority of each day and/or a decrease in enjoyment or interest across most activities for the majority of each day

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

list:

Symptoms of depression

6 points ( 2 weeks person experiences 3-4 of these symptoms)

A
  • weight/appetite change
  • daily insomnia/hypersomnia
  • daily agitation or decrease in motor activity
  • daily fatigue/lethargy
  • daily feelings of worthlessness or excessive guilt
  • daily reduction in concentration or decisiveness
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define:

Major depressive disorder

2 points

A
  • presence of a major depressive episode
  • no pattern of mania or hypomania
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define:

Persistent depressive disorder

4 points

A
  • person experiences the symptoms of major or mild depression for at least 2 years
  • during the 2-year period, symptoms not absent for more than 2 months at a time
  • no history of mania
  • significant distress or impairment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Answer:

How does stress and unipolar depression relate

A

80% of severe episodes occur within a month or two of a significant negative event

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

List:

Kinds of depression

2 points

A
  • reactive (exogenous) depression
  • endogenous depression
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Define:

Exogenous depression

A

depression triggers by situational stress

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define

endogenous depression

A

depression caused by physical factors

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

List:

biochemical factors of depression

A
  • low activity of serotonin
  • low activity of norepinephrine
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are:

MAO inhibitors

what do they treat

A

increases activity level of neurotransmitters serotonin and norepinephrine

unipolar depression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

List:

examples of MAO inhibitors

2 points

A
  • iproniazid
  • tyramine
17
Q

Answer:

how do Tricyclics work

what do they treat

A

acts on neurotransmitter reuptake mechanism of key neurons; biological corrections

unipolar depression

18
Q

List:

second generation antidepressants

A
  • selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (increase serotonin activity w/o affecting other transmitters)
  • selective norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors that increase norepinephrine activty only
  • serotonin-norepinephrine activity only
19
Q

what is:

brain stimulation

A

biological treatments that directly or indirectly stimulate certain areas of the brain

20
Q

List:

methods of brain stimulation

4 points

A
  • electroconvulsive therapy
  • vagus nerve stimulation
  • transcranial magnetic stimulation
  • deep brain stimulation
21
Q

Answer:

how do freud and Abraham explain depression

A

when someone experiences real or imagined losses

22
Q

Answer:

How do object relations theorists explain depression

A

results when people’s relationships leave them feeling unsafe and insecure

23
Q

List:

psychodynamic treatments for unipolar depression

2 points

A
  • free association
  • interpretations of client associations, dreams and displays of resistanve and transference
24
Q

Answer:

How does the cognitive behavioral model explain depression

A

depression results from problematic behaviors and dysfunctional thinking

25
Q

List:

theoretical perspectives of unipolar depression

3 points

A
  • behavioral dimension
  • negative thinking
  • complex cognitivie behavioral factor interplay
26
Q

List:

aspects of behavioral dimension

Lewinsohn and others

A
  • number of life rewards related to presence or absence of depression
  • large reduction in positive life rewards may cause fewer positive behaviors, even lower positive rewards rate, and eventual depression
  • social rewars are important in downward depression spiral
  • strong relationship between positive life events and feelings of life satisfaction and happiness
27
Q

Answer:

what is negaitive thinking according to Beck

A

depression produced by a combination of maladaptive attitudes, cognitive triad, errors in thinking and automatic thoughts

28
Q

Answer:

what is negative thinking according to watkins and collegues

A

ruminative responses during depressed moods are linked to longer feelings of dejection and increased liklihood of later life clinical depressions

29
Q

List:

phases of cognitive behavioral therapy

A
  • Phase 1: increasing activities and elevating mood
  • Phase 2: challenging automatic thoughts
  • Phase 3: identify negative thinking and biases
  • Phase 4: changing primary attitudes
30
Q

List

symptoms of mania

6 points

A
  • gradiosity or overblown self esteem
  • reduced sleep need
  • rapidly shifting ideas or the sense that one’s thoughts are moving fast
  • attention pulled in many directions
  • heightened activity or agititated movements
  • excessive pursuit of risky and potentially problematic activities
31
Q

Answer:

How do you diagnose Bipolar I disorder?

2 points

A
  • occurance of a manic episode
  • hypomanic or major depressive episodes may precede or follow the manic episode
32
Q

Answer:

How do you diagnose Bipolar II disorder?

A
  • presence or history of major depressive episode(s)
  • presence or history of hypomanic episode(s)
  • no history of a manic episode
33
Q

Answer:

What is cyclothymic disorder?

A

Milder form of bipolar disorder

34
Q

Answer:

What percentage of people suffer from bipolar disorder

what percent have had it in their life

A

1 -2.8%

4.4%

35
Q

Answer:

Neurotransmitter activity as it relates to bipolar disorder

mania in particular

A

Mania may be related to high epinephrine activity along with a low level of serotonin activity

36
Q

Answer:

ion activity as it relates to bipolar disorder

A

improper transport of ions back and forth between the outside and the inside of a neurons membrane

37
Q

List:

abnormal brain structures in patients with bipolar disorder?

2 points

A
  • Basal ganglia
  • Cerebellum
38
Q

List:

genetic factors of bipolar disorders

3 points ( how do they study it)

A
  • people inherit a biological predisposition to develop bipolar disorders
  • family pedigree studies
  • molecular biology techniques
39
Q

List:

drugs effective in treating mania

3 points

A
  • lithium
  • anti-seizure
  • antipsychotics

Abnormal psychology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions