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Abnormal psychology > Chapter 4 Anxiety, OCD and related disorders > Flashcards

Chapter 4 Anxiety, OCD and related disorders Flashcards

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1
Q

Define:

fear

A

central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to a serious threat to one’s well-being

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2
Q

Define:

anxiety

A

central nervous system’s physiological and emotional response to vague sense of threat or danger

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3
Q

What is:

Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD)

A

disorder marked by persistent and excessive feelings of anxiety and worry about numerous events and activities

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4
Q

Answer:

in any given year what percentage of the U.S adult population experiences one of the six DSM-5 anxiety disorder

A

19%

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5
Q

Answer:

about what percentage develop an anxiety disorder at some point in their lives

A

31%

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6
Q

Answer:

what percentage of people seek treatment for anxiety disorders

A

42%

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7
Q

List:

GAD characterization

3 points

A
  • excessive anxiety experienced under most circumstances
  • worry about anything “free floating anxiety”
  • reduced quality of life
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8
Q

Answer:

what percent of the US population is affected by GAD

A

4 %

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9
Q

Answer:

what is the ratio of women to men affected by affected by GAD

A

2:1

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10
Q

What is:

sociocultural perspective of GAD

A

most likely develop in people faced with dangerous ongoing social conditions or highly threatened environments

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11
Q

List:

forms of societal stress (GAD)

3 points

A
  • poverty
  • race and ethnicity
  • widespread illness
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12
Q

define:

separation anxiety

A

anxiety disorder feel extreme anxiety and panic when separated from key people in their lives

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13
Q

Answer:

what is the most common anxiety disorder among children

A

separation anxiety

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14
Q

Answer:

what does freud say about GAD?

2 points

A
  • children feel some degree of anxiety levels or inadequate defense mechanisms
  • GAD occurs with high anxiety levels or inadequate defense mechanisms
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15
Q

Answer:

todays psychodynamic theorists think GAD is caused by

A

early parent-child relationships

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16
Q

List:

Psychodynamic therapies for GAD

3 points

A
  • free association
  • therapist interpretations of transference, resistance and
  • dreams to reduce fear of id impulses and control
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17
Q

Answer:

how do object relations therapists help patients with GAD

A

help patients identify and settle early relationship problems

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18
Q

What is:

humanistic perspective of GAD

A

arises when people stop looking at themselves honestly and acceptingly

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19
Q

What is:

carl rogers explanation for GAD

2 points

A
  • lack of unconditional positive regard in childhood conditions of worth
  • threatening self-judgements break through and cause anxiety
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20
Q

What is:

humanistic centered therapy

2 points

A
  • client centered therapy used to show unconditional positive regard for clients
  • only limited support for rogers’ explanation of GAD
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21
Q

What is:

biological perspective of GAD

A

GAD caused by bio factors
fear reactions are tied to brain circuts

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22
Q

Answer:

what type of drug helps with anxiety

A

benzodiazepines

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23
Q

List:

examples of benzodiazepines

3 points

A
  • alprazolam
  • lorazepam
  • diazepam
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24
Q

Answer:

what was used in the early 1950’s drug therapy for GAD

A

barbiturates (sedative- hypnotics)

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25
Q

Answer:

what were the late 1950’s drug therapy for GAD

A

Benzodiazepines

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26
Q

Answer:

how do phobias differ from fear

3 points

A
  • more intense and persistent fear
  • greater desire to avoid the feared object or situation
  • create distress that interferes with functioning
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27
Q

List:

categories of phobia

2 points

A
  • specific phobias
  • agoraphobia
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28
Q

Answer:

what percent of people in the US have a specific phobia

A

9%

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29
Q

Answer:

what percent of people experience phobia symptoms during their lifetime?

A

13%

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30
Q

List:

specific phobias characterizations

4 points

A
  • persistent and disproportionate fear of particular object or situation lasting at least 6 months
  • exposure to the object produces immediate fear
  • avoidance of feared situation
  • significant distress or impairment
31
Q

Answer:

what percent of the US population suffers from Agoraphobia

A

1%

32
Q

Answer:

what percent of agoraphobics seek treatment

A

46%

33
Q

List:

agoraphobia characterizations

6 points

A
  • pronounced disproportionate or repeated fear about being in at least two delineated situations
  • fear that it would be hard to escape or get help if panic, embarrassment or disabling symptoms occur
  • avoidance of agoraphobic situations
  • symptoms last 6 months
  • significant distress
  • recurrence happens after therapy sometimes
34
Q

Answer:

how do fears become entrenched

A

once fears are acquired individuals avoid dreaded object or situation

35
Q

List:

ways fears are learned

2 points

A
  • classical conditioning
  • modeling
36
Q

Answer:

What is Behavioral- evolutionary explaination of phobias

A

Some specific phobias are much more common than others

37
Q

Define:

Preparedness

A

Species-specific biological predisposition to develop certain fears

38
Q

List:

Treatments for specific phobias

3 points

A
  • systematic desensitization
  • flooding
  • modeling
39
Q

List:

Treatments for Agoraphobia

3 points

A
  • exposure therapy
  • support groups
  • home based self help groups
40
Q

Answer:

About how many people relapse after therapy for Agoraphobia

A

half

41
Q

Answer:

what percentage of the U.S. population suffers from Social Anxiety Disorder

A

7%

42
Q

Answer:

what percentage of people experience social anxiety symptoms in their life

A

12%

43
Q

Answer:

When does social anxiety start

A

late childhood/ adolescence and into adulthood

44
Q

Answer:

What percentage of people seek treatment for Social anxiety

A

40%

45
Q

List:

Checklist of social anxiety

5 points

A
  • Pronounced, disproportionate, and repeated anxiety about social situation(s) in which the individual could be exposed to scrutiny by others; typically lasting 6 months or more
  • fear of being negatively evaluated by or offensive to others
  • exposure to social situation almost always produces anxiety
  • Avoidance of feared situation
  • Significant distress or impairment
46
Q

Answer:

According to the cognitive behavioral perspective what causes social anxiety

A
  • group of social realm dysfunctional beliefs and expectations held; anticipation of social disasters and dread of social situations
  • avoidance and safety behaviors performed to reduce or prevent these disasters
  • tied to genetic predispositions, trait tendencies, biological abnormalities, traumatic childhood experiences, overprotective parent- child interactions
47
Q

List:

two distinct features of social anxiety

2 points (duh)

A
  • overwhelming social fears
  • lack of social skills
48
Q

List:

Treatments for overwhelming social fears

2 points

A
  • medications ( Benzodiazepine or antidepressants)
  • cognitive - behavioral therapy (exposure therapy)
49
Q

List:

treatments for lack of social skills

2 points

A
  • social skills and assertiveness training
  • training groups
50
Q

Define:

Panic attack

A

periodic, short bouts of panic that occur suddenly, reach a peak within minutes, and gradually pass

51
Q

List

symptoms of panic attacks

11 points

A
  • heart palpitations
  • tingling in hands/feet
  • shortness of breath
  • sweating
  • hot/cold flashes
  • trembling
  • chest pains
  • choking sensations
  • faintness
  • dizziness
  • feeling of unreality
52
Q

Answer:

what percent of the U.S population experience panic disorder yearly?

A

3%

53
Q

Answer:

What percent of people experience symptoms of panic disorder during lifetime

A

5%

54
Q

Answer:

When does panic disorder begin

A

late adolescence or early adulthood

55
Q

list:

Checklist for panic disorder

4 points

A
  • unforeseen panic attacks occur repeatedly
  • one or more of the attacks precede either of the following symptoms
  • at least a month of continual concern about having additional attacks
  • at least one month of dysfunctional behavior changes associated with the attacks
56
Q

Answer:

What is the early biological perspective of panic disorder

A

panic attacks caused by abnormal norepinephrine activity in locus ceruleus

57
Q

Answer:

what is the recent biological perspective of panic disorder

A
  • brain circuits and Amygdala are more complex root of the problem
  • may be inherited predisposition to abnormalities in these areas
58
Q

List:

parts of the panic circuit

5 points

A
  • Amygdala
  • Hippocampus
  • ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus
  • central gray matter
  • Locus coeruleus
59
Q

Answer:

What is the cognitive-behavioral therapy for panic attacks

A

seeks to correct people’s misinterpretations of their bodily sensations

60
Q

list:

strategies used in cognitive- behavioral therapy

3 points

A
  • educate about nature of panic attacks
  • teach applications of more accurate interpretations
  • teach skills for coping with anxiety, including biological challenge procedures
61
Q

Define:

Obsessions

A

persistent thoughts, ideas, impulses, or images that seem to invade a person’s consciousness

62
Q

Define:

Compulsions

A

repetitive and rigid behaviors or mental acts that people feel they must perform to prevent or reduce anxiety

63
Q

Answer

what percentage of the world population is affected by OCD

A

1.2%

64
Q

Answer:

When does OCD typically begin

A

childhood or young adulthood

65
Q

List:

checklist of OCD

3 points

A
  • occurrence of repeated obsessions, compulsions, or both
  • obsessions/compulsions take up considerable time
  • significant distress or impairment
66
Q

list:

Features of obsessions

A
  • thoughts that feel both intrusive and foreign
  • attempts to ignore or resist them trigger anxiety
  • Awareness that thoughts are excessive
67
Q

List:

Basic themes of OCD

5 points

A
  • dirt/contamination
  • violence and aggression
  • orderliness
  • religion
  • sexuality
68
Q

list:

Features of compulsions

5 points

A
  • various forms of voluntary behaviors or mental acts
  • feel mandatory/unstoppable
  • recognition that behaviors are unreasonable
  • performing behaviors reduces anxiety for a short time
  • behaviors often develop into rituals
69
Q

list:

Themes of compulsions

4 points

A
  • cleaning compulsions
  • checking compulsions
  • order or balance
  • touching, verbalizing, and/or counting compulsions
70
Q

what is:

psychodynamic theory of OCD

A

battle between the id and ego defense machanisms lessens anxiety in overt thoughts amd actions

71
Q

Answer:

what stage of development does frued think OCD comes from

A

Anal

72
Q

List:

treatments for OCD

2 points
psychodynamic

A
  • free association
  • therapist interpretation

little research support

73
Q

What is:

cognitive behavioral perspective

OCD

A

disorder grows fro human tendencies to have unwanted, intrusive, unpleasant thoughts

74
Q

What is:

cognitive behavioral therapy

OCD

A

Abnormal psychology (6 decks)

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