Chapter 6 Davis Flashcards
Name the tissues that make up the skeletal system.
The skeletal system is made of bone tissue (the bones), cartilage (at joints), and fibrous connective tissue (the ligaments and the periosteum).
Do you remember the formal name for
bone cells?
The formal name for bone cells is osteocytes.
Functions of the Skeleton:
- Provides a framework
- Protects
- Contains red bone marrow
- Stores calcium
Name some Long bones in each of these categories.
femur, humerus, finger and toe bones
Name some short bones in each of these categories.
wrist and ankle bones
Name some Flat bones in each of these categories.
hip bones, ribs, cranial bones
Name some Irregular bones in each of these categories.
facial bones, vertebrae
ossification of the fetal skeleton begins in the third month of gestation
Embryonic Growth of Bone
first made of fibrous connective tissue; replacement by bone matrix radiates from a center of ossification in each bone.
Cranial and facial bones
All other bones are
first made of cartilage.
first center of ossification is in the diaphysis; later centers in the epiphyses.
Long bones
the site of growth after birth
Epiphyseal disc
206 bones connected by ligaments
The Skeleton
the skull, vertebrae, and rib cage
Axial skeleton
the bones of the arms and legs and the shoulder and pelvic girdles
Appendicular skeleton
Name the auditory bones.
The three auditory bones are the malleus, incus, and stapes (also called the hammer, anvil, and stirrup).
discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Vertebral Column
the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)
Rib Cage
Name the parts of the skeletal system described.
Osteoclasts
Reabsorb bone matrix
Produce bone matrix
osteoblasts
The most movable type of joint
ball and socket
Bone that contains the ear receptors
temporal
Permit compression of infant skull at birth
fontanels
The frontal bone-sphenoid joint
suture
Connect bone to bone
ligaments
Produces fluid in diarthroses
synovial membrane
Bone Tissue:
are found in the matrix of calcium phosphate, calcium carbonate, and collagen.
Osteocytes (cells)
Bone Tissue:
haversian systems are present.
Compact bone
Bone Tissue:
no haversian systems; red bone marrow present.
Spongy bone
Bone Tissue:
smooth, on joint surfaces.
Articular cartilage
Bone Tissue:
fibrous connective tissue membrane; anchors tendons and ligaments; has blood vessels that enter the bone.
Periosteum
Classification of bones:
vertebrae, facial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).
Irregular bones
Classification of bones:
ribs, pelvic bone, cranial bones (spongy bone covered with compact bone).
Flat bones
Classification of bones:
wrists, ankles (spongy bone covered with compact bone).
Short bones
Classification of bones:
arms, legs; shaft is the diaphysis (compact bone) with a marrow cavity containing yellow bone marrow (fat); ends are epiphyses (spongy bone)
Long bones
Embryonic Growth of Bone:
produce bone matrix in a center of ossification in each bone; bone growth radiates outward
osteoblasts
Embryonic Growth of Bone:
remain at birth to permit compression of the infant skull during birth; are calcified by age 2
fontanels
Embryonic Growth of Bone:
Cartilage is produced on the,
epiphysis side
Embryonic Growth of Bone:
bone replaces cartilage on the
diaphysis side.
Embryonic Growth of Bone:
form the marrow cavity by reabsorbing bone matrix in the center of the diaphysis
Osteoclasts
Joints (articulations):
lines the joint capsule; secretes synovial fluid that prevents friction.
Synovial membrane
Joints (articulations):
strong fibrous connective tissue sheath that encloses the joint.
Joint capsule
Joints (articulations):
sacs of synovial fluid that permit tendons to slide easily across joints.
Bursae
Joints (articulations):
smooth on joint surfaces.
Articular cartilage
Joints (articulations):
slightly movable
•Symphysis:disc of fibrous cartilage between bones
Amphiarthrosis
Joints (articulations):
immovable
•Suture: fibrous connective tissue between bone surfaces
Synarthrosis
Joints (articulations):
freely movable, all are synovial joints:
Ball and socket
Hinge
Condyloid
Pivot
Gliding
Saddle
Diarthrosis
classified according to amount of movement permitted
Joints (articulations)
Rib cage:
Sternum
Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process
Rib Cage
the sternum and 12 pairs of ribs (Costal cartilage is rib cartilage.)
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Patella
Tibia
Fibula
Tarsals
Metatarsals
Phalanges
Bones of the shoulder and arm:
Clavicle
Scapula—glenoid fossa
Humerus
Radius
Ulna
Carpals
Metacarpals
Phalanges
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
• Deep depression that articulates with femur
Acetabulum
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Pubis
Anterior medial portion
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Ischium
Lower posterior portion
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Ilium
Flared upper portion
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Parts of pelvic
Ilium
Ischium
Pubis
Bones of the Hip and Leg:
Pelvic bone has
two hipbones, each with three major parts:
Rib cage:
First seven ribs articulate directly with sternum by means of costal cartilage
True ribs
Rib cage:
Next three pairs articulate with 7th costal cartilage
False ribs
Rib cage:
Last two pair do not articulate with sternum
Floating ribs
discs of fibrous cartilage separate the bodies of adjacent vertebrae
Vertebral Column
Vertebral Column:
(5)-foot; phalanges (14) —toes
Metatarsals
Vertebral Column:
two hipbones; ilium, ischium, pubis;
acetabulum articulates with femur.
Pelvic bone
Vertebral Column:
thigh; articulates with pelvic bone and tibia (knee).
Femur
Vertebral Column:
kneecap; in tendon of quadriceps femoris muscle.
Patella
Vertebral Column:
-lower leg: tibia bears weight; fibula does not bear weight, but does anchor muscles and stabilizes ankle.
Tibia and fibula
Vertebral Column:
(7)-ankle; calcaneus is heel bone.
Tarsals
bones of the arms and legs and the shoulders and pelvic girdles.
Appendicular
shoulder muscles are attached; glenoid fossa articulates with humerus.
Scapula
(8)—wrist; metacarpals (5)-hand; phalanges (14)-fingers
Carpals
braces the scapula.
Clavice
upper arm; articulates with the scapula
and the ulna (elbow).
Humerus
articulate with one another and with carpals.
Radius and una-forearm
skull, vertebrae, rib cage.
Axial
Eight cranial bones form the braincase, which also protects the eyes and ears; 14 facial bones make up the face, the immovable joints between these bones are called sutures.
Cranial bones
are air cavities in the maxillae, frontal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones, they lighten the skull and provide resonance for voice
Paranasal sinuses
- Three auditory bones in each middle ear cavity transmit
vibrations for hearing.
