Chapter 19 Davis Flashcards
Serves as a warning sign indicating that damage has occurred or that there may be a potential for damage of tissue
Pain
The response to pain varies not only from
culture to culture but also from individual to individual
Nurses must view pain
holistically
A sensory and/or an emotional experience which means different things to different people
Pain
Pain can make it difficult to(1)
•Do activities of daily living
•Rest and experience restorative sleep
•Eat
•Perform normal body movements and exercise
•Maintain family relationships
Pain can make it difficult to(2)
•Work or maintain a job
•Have a social life or maintain friendships
•Maintain cognitive abilities
•Focus on spiritual beliefs
Purports the transmission of pain impulses to the central nervous system is controlled by a “gate” that opens and closes in response to sensory input
Gate control theory
Gate control theory:
The gate must be open for the pain impulse to be
transmitted to the CNS
Gate control theory:
When the gate is closed, the nerve impulse for pain is
blocked from transmission
Gate control theory:
The_____ opens and closes the gate in relationship to stress, anxiety, exercise, heat, cold, massage, and the TENS
thalamus
Pain that comes on suddenly and has a short duration (less than 6 months)
Acute pain
Pain that lasts longer than 6 months
Chronic pain
Pain that comes and goes at intervals
Intermittent pain
Pain that begins at a specific site and shoots out from or extends to a larger area beyond the site of origin
Radiating
Pain that cannot be relieved, is incurable, or is resistant to treatment
Intractable
Pain felt in an area other than where the pain was produced
Referred
Pain felt in an area other than where the pain was produced is known as
Referred pain
localized within a specific area, from which the receptors send impulses to the central nervous system via afferent nerve pathways
Nociceptive pain
is pain that is more superficial or pertaining to the skin’s surface and underlying subcutaneous tissue. An example is a paper cut or a mild burn.
Cutaneous pain
sometimes known as soft tissue pain, is the pain experienced from stimulation of deep internal pain receptors. Examples include pain that results from traumatic injury or surgery, or with metastatic invasion of the soft tissues such as the skin, muscles, and organs. It is generally described as an ache or a cramp-ing-type pain, and it can be intermittent or continuous.
Visceral pain
also known as osteogenic pain, is bone, ligament, tendon, and blood vessel pain. The pain may be diffuse and of longer duration than cutaneous pain. Bone cancer, fractures, and arthritic-type diseases are common sources of this type of pain. Your patient may describe it as pain with movement.
Deep somatic pain
occurs as a result of destruction of peripheral nerves or the central nervous system itself
Neuropathic pain
This pain may extend beyond the local region to encompass a broadening area of discomfort
Neuropathic pain
Nerve compression caused by pressure from tumors, lymphedema, or compression fractures of the spine
Neuropathic pain
A type of neuropathic pain, which feels as though the pain is coming from an extremity that has been amputated, meaning that it has been surgically or traumatically removed.
Phantom limb pain
the complaint of foot pain after the lower leg and foot have been surgically amputated. A common example of which type of pain is
Phantom limb pain
Factors Affecting Pain:
●Ethnic and cultural beliefs
●Developmental stage
●Individual values
●Previous pain experience
Factors Affecting Pain(2)
●Personal support system
●Emotions
●Fatigue
Management and Treatment of Pain:)1
●Level or extent of pain
●Site of pain
●Characteristics of pain
●Acute or chronic
●What elicits the pain
●Patient’s desires in relation to the pain
