Chapter 6 Conversions And Calculations

Question 1

Apothecary system

Answer 1

A system of measurement once used in the practice of pharmacy to measure both volume and weight; this system has been mostly replaced by the metric system

Question 2

Avoirdupois system

Answer 2

A system of measurement previously used in a pharmacy for the determination of weight in ounces and pounds; this system has been mostly replaced by the metric system

Question 3

Conversion factor

Answer 3

A fraction with the numerical value of one, which is used to convert one unit to another without changing the value of the number

Question 4

Diluent/solvent

Answer 4

And innard product, either liquid or solid, that is added to a preparation to reduce the strength of the

Question 5

Dilution

Answer 5

The process of adding a Diluent or solvent to a compound, resulting in a product of increased volume or wait and lower concentration

Question 6

Dimensional analysis or DA

Answer 6

A method used to solve complicated pharmaceutical calculations that would require numerous sets of ratio and proportion problems; the main benefit of using DA is the ability to keep track of units during the process

Question 7

Drip rate or DR/drop rate

Answer 7

The number of drops or gtt administered over a specific time via an intravenous infusion (I.e., gtt/min)

Question 8

Drop factor

Answer 8

The size of drops coming through the tubing; the size is measured in gtt/mL and is found on the tubing package

Question 9

Flow rate/infusion rate

Answer 9

The amount of intravenous or IV solution administered over a specific period example milliliters per minute, milliliters per hour,drops per minute; volume/time

Question 10

Household system

Answer 10

A system of measurement commonly used in the United States; it measures volumes using household utensils

Question 11

International time

Answer 11

A 24 hour method of keeping time; ours are not distinguished as a.m. or p.m. rather her come to continuously throughout the day example military time

Question 12

International system of units or SI

Answer 12

A system of measurement based on seven base units with prefixes that change units buy multiples of 10; the prefixes for the modern metric system are taken from the French systeme International d’Unites and were adopted to provide a single worldwide system of weights and measures

Question 13

Markup

Answer 13

The amount added to a wholesale price usually a percentage, to make a profit

Question 14

Metric system

Answer 14

The approved system of measurement for pharmacy in the United States based on multiples of 10; the basic units of measurement are the gram (g) for weight, the liter (L) for volume, and the meter (m) for length

Question 15

Milliequivalent (mEq)

Answer 15

A type of unit used in the United States to express the concentration of electrolytes such as sodium, potassium, magnesium, and calcium

Question 16

Retail price

Answer 16

The wholesale price plus markup

Question 17

Units

Answer 17

A unit of measurement assigned to medications called “biologicals” which have been tested for potency and biological systems; units are specific to each medication, therefore units of one medication cannot be compared to units of a different medication.

Question 18

Volume

Answer 18

The amount of liquid enclosed within a container

Question 19

Wholesale cost

Answer 19

The purchase price of a product in this case, medication, which is then marked up for resale

Question 20

Alligation alternate

Answer 20

A mathematical method of solving problems that involves the mixing of two solutions or two solids with different percentage weights to achieve a desired third strength

Question 21

Roman Numerals

Answer 21

I= 1
V= 5
X= 10 
L= 50
C= 100
D= 500
M= 1000

Question 22

Fahrenheit temperature of freezing

Answer 22

32°

Question 23

Fahrenheit temperature of boiling

Answer 23

212°

Question 24

Freezing point in Celsius

Answer 24

0°

Question 25

Boiling point in Celsius

Answer 25

100°

Question 26

To convert Fahrenheit to Celsius

Answer 26

Fraction equation:

C = (F - 32) • 5÷9

Question 27

Fahrenheit to Celsius, Decimal equation

Answer 27

C = (F-32)/1.8

Question 28

Celsius to Fahrenheit fraction equation

Answer 28

F= ((9•C)/5) +32

Question 29

Celsius to Fahrenheit decimal equation

Answer 29

F=(1.8•C) +32

Question 30

Solving proportion problems

Answer 30

Cross multiply
3/7=x/21
7x=3*21
7x=63

Question 31

Teaspoon to milliliter

Answer 31

1 tsp = 5 mL

Question 32

Tbsp to mL

Answer 32

1 Tbsp = 15 mL

Question 33

Fluid ounce to mL

Answer 33

1 fl oz = 30 mL

Question 34

Pint to mL

Answer 34

1 pt = 480 mL

Question 35

Gallon to mL

Answer 35

1 gal = 3840 mL

Question 36

Explain the apothecary measurement of grain, and the complications of using it.

Answer 36

The apothecary measurement of grain was dependent on the wheat crop; a successful or poor season could mean a heavier or lighter grain from one year to the next. Therefore, measurements of grain can vary between 60 mg, 64.8mg, and 65mg/gr. Codeine and nitroglycerin are measured in 60 mg/gr whereas aspirin (ASA), acetaminophen (APAP) and iron tablets are measured in 65 mg/gr.

Question 37

Conversions of apothecary volume

Answer 37

8 fluid drams = 1 fl oz = 30 mL = 2 Tbsp

1 fluid dram = 3.7 mL (often considered to be 5mL or 1tsp, which is an approximation)

Question 38

Write out the household/metric oral medicine cup measurements (7), 1/2 tsp - 2Tbs.

Answer 38

2 Tbs = 30mL
5 tsp = 25 mL
4 tsp = 20mL
1 Tbs = 15 mL
2 tsp = 10 mL
1 tsp = 5 mL
1/2 tsp

Question 39

Write out apothecary/household oral medicine cup measurements (5), 8 dr - 1 dr.

Answer 39

8dr = 1 oz
6 dr = 3/4 oz
4 dr = 1/2 oz
2 dr = 1/4 oz
1 dr = 1/8 oz