Ch 15: Therapeutic Agents for the Nervous System

Question 1

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

Answer 1

A physiological brain disorder that affects the ability to engage and quiet, passive activities or to focus one’s attention; attributable to an imbalance of neurotransmitters in the brain

Question 2

Autonomic nervous system

Answer 2

A branch of the nervous system that carries out “automatic” bodily functions; it is composed of the sympathetic and parasympathetic systems

Question 3

Blood brain barrier or BBB

Answer 3

A barrier that exists in the brain as a result of special permeability characteristics of the capillaries that supply brain cells; these capillaries prevent certain solutes or chemicals from being transferred from the blood to the brain

Question 4

Bradykinesia

Answer 4

Slowed movement

Question 5

Brainstem

Answer 5

A section of the brain consisting of the medulla oblongata, pons and midbrain, which connect the forebrain and cerebrum to the spinal cord.

Question 6

Central nervous system or CNS

Answer 6

Consists of the brain and spinal cord; it acts to coordinate sensory and motor control of body functions

Question 7

Cerebellum

Answer 7

A structure located posterior to the pons and medulla oblongata; it is responsible for posture, balance, involuntary muscle movement

Question 8

Cerebrospinal fluid or CSF

Answer 8

Clear watery fluid that is continually produced in absorbed the flows in the ventricles of the brain and around the surface of the brain and spinal cord.

Question 9

Epilepsy

Answer 9

A brain disorder marked by repeated seizures overtime

Question 10

Extramural ideal symptoms or EPS

Answer 10

Often results from taking anti-psychotic medications and include parkinsonism, dystonia, and tremors

Question 11

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 11

A stroke caused by the rupture of blood vessels in the brain

Question 12

Homeostasis

Answer 12

The tendency of the body to maintain stability, such as with body temperature

Question 13

Insomnia

Answer 13

Difficulty falling or staying asleep

Question 14

Ischemic stroke

Answer 14

A stroke caused by blockage of a blood vessel in the brain

Question 15

Multiple sclerosis or MS

Answer 15

An autoimmune disorder that affects the nerves in the CNS; it leads to impaired motor function

Question 16

Myasthenia gravis

Answer 16

Neuromuscular disorder leading to weakness of the skeletal muscles

Question 17

Neuron

Answer 17

The basic building block and cell of the nervous system

Question 18

Parasympathetic nervous system or PSNS

Answer 18

A division of the autonomic nervous system that functions during restful situations

Question 19

Parkinson’s disease or PD

Answer 19

A movement disorder with the classic symptoms of tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, and postural instability.

Question 20

Peripheral nervous system or PNS

Answer 20

The division of the nervous system outside the brain and spinal cord

Question 21

Polyneuropathy

Answer 21

I neurological disorder that occurs when many nerves throughout the body malfunction; it can be associated with painful neuropathy

Question 22

Psychosis

Answer 22

A mental illness characterized by loss of contact with reality; it may be a true mental illness, maybe due to underlying medical condition (E. G., Dementia, drug withdrawal syndrom), or may be induced by substances such as medications, recreational drugs, or poisons.

Question 23

Schizophrenia

Answer 23

A disorder characterized by inappropriate emotions and unrealistic thinking

Question 24

Somatic nervous system

Answer 24

The motor neurons of the peripheral nervous system that controls voluntary actions of the skeletal muscles and provide sensory input (touch, hearing, sight).

Question 25

Sympathetic nervous system or SNS

Answer 25

A division of the autonomic nervous system that functions during stressful situations; the “fight or flight” part of the autonomic nervous system

Question 26

Turdive dyskinesia or TD

Answer 26

A type of dyskinesia (unwanted, involuntary rhythmic movements) attributed as potential side effects of taking dopamine antagonists such as phenothiazines or other medications example metoclopramide; the symptoms may continue even after discontinuation of the offending drug

Question 27

Alzheimer’s disease

Answer 27

A progressive form of dementia that affects memory, thinking and behavior