Chapter 6 continued

Question 1

• Explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells.
• The endosymbionts evolved into mitochondria
• At least one of these cells may have then taken up a photosynthetic prokaryote, which evolved into a chloroplast

Answer 1

endosymbiont theory

Question 2

Chemical Energy Conversion

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into…..?

Answer 3

cristae

Question 4

The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and………….?

Answer 4

mitochondrial matrix

Question 5

Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalyzed in the……….?

Answer 5

mitochondrial matrix

Question 6

___________present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP

Answer 6

Cristae

Question 7

Capture of Light Energy

Answer 7

Chloroplasts

Question 8

______________contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis

Answer 8

Chloroplasts

Question 9

The chloroplast is one of a group of plant organelles, called ____________.

Answer 9

plastids

Question 10

________________are specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane.

Answer 10

Peroxisomes

Question 11

Produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water
●Perform reactions with many different functions
●Break down fatty acids
●Detoxify alcohol
●How peroxisomes are related to other organelles is still unknown

Answer 11

Peroxisomes: Oxidation

Question 12

The ___________ is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell

Answer 12

cytoskeleton

Question 13

The _____________ is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm

Answer 13

cytoskeleton

Question 14

It organizes the cell’s structures and activities, anchoring many organelles…..

Answer 14

cytoskeleton

Question 15

Cytoskeleton is composed of three types of molecular structures

Answer 15

●Microtubules
●Microfilaments
●Intermediate filaments

Question 16

________________ “walk” vesicles along cytoskeletal

fibers.

Answer 16

Motor proteins

Question 17

Three main types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton

Answer 17

●Microtubules are the thickest of the three components of the cytoskeleton
●Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are the thinnest components
●Intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in a middle range

Question 18

Microtubules

Answer 18

●Hollow rods
●Functions of microtubules
●Shaping the cell
●Guiding movement of organelles
●Separating chromosomes during cell division

Question 19

In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a _________ near the nucleus

Answer 19

centrosome

Question 20

In animal cells, the centrosome has a pair of _____________, each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring

Answer 20

centrioles

Question 21

a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim.

Answer 21

Flagella

Question 22

__________are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.

Answer 22

Cilia

Question 23

____________ are solid rods built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits

Answer 23

Microfilaments

Question 24

The structural role of ________ is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell

Answer 24

microfilaments

Question 25

Microfilaments form a 3-D network called the ______ just inside the plasma membrane to help support the cell’s shape

Answer 25

cortex

Question 26

Bundles of microfilaments make up the core of __________ of intestinal cells

Answer 26

microvilli

Question 27

Microfilaments that function in cellular motility contain the ____________ in addition to actin

Answer 27

protein myosin

Question 28

_________________ are larger than microfilaments but smaller than microtubules

Answer 28

Intermediate filaments

Question 29

-They support cell shape and fix organelles
in place
-Intermediate filaments are more permanent cytoskeleton fixtures than the other two classes

Answer 29

Intermediate filaments

Question 30

Extracellular components and connections between cells help coordinate cellular activities

Answer 30

• Most cells synthesize and secrete materials that are external to the plasma membrane
• These extracellular structures are involved in a great many cellular functions