Chapter 6 continued Flashcards
- Explains how eukaryotic cells may have evolved from prokaryotic cells.
- The endosymbionts evolved into mitochondria
- At least one of these cells may have then taken up a photosynthetic prokaryote, which evolved into a chloroplast
endosymbiont theory
Chemical Energy Conversion
Mitochondria
They have a smooth outer membrane and an inner membrane folded into…..?
cristae
The inner membrane creates two compartments: intermembrane space and………….?
mitochondrial matrix
Some metabolic steps of cellular respiration are catalyzed in the……….?
mitochondrial matrix
___________present a large surface area for enzymes that synthesize ATP
Cristae
Capture of Light Energy
Chloroplasts
______________contain the green pigment chlorophyll, as well as enzymes and other molecules that function in photosynthesis
Chloroplasts
The chloroplast is one of a group of plant organelles, called ____________.
plastids
________________are specialized metabolic compartments bounded by a single membrane.
Peroxisomes
Produce hydrogen peroxide and convert it to water
●Perform reactions with many different functions
●Break down fatty acids
●Detoxify alcohol
●How peroxisomes are related to other organelles is still unknown
Peroxisomes: Oxidation
The ___________ is a network of fibers that organizes structures and activities in the cell
cytoskeleton
The _____________ is a network of fibers extending throughout the cytoplasm
cytoskeleton
It organizes the cell’s structures and activities, anchoring many organelles…..
cytoskeleton
Cytoskeleton is composed of three types of molecular structures
●Microtubules
●Microfilaments
●Intermediate filaments
________________ “walk” vesicles along cytoskeletal
fibers.
Motor proteins
Three main types of fibers make up the cytoskeleton
●Microtubules are the thickest of the three components of the cytoskeleton
●Microfilaments, also called actin filaments, are the thinnest components
●Intermediate filaments are fibers with diameters in a middle range
Microtubules
●Hollow rods ●Functions of microtubules ●Shaping the cell ●Guiding movement of organelles ●Separating chromosomes during cell division
In animal cells, microtubules grow out from a _________ near the nucleus
centrosome
In animal cells, the centrosome has a pair of _____________, each with nine triplets of microtubules arranged in a ring
centrioles
a slender threadlike structure, especially a microscopic whiplike appendage that enables many protozoa, bacteria, spermatozoa, etc., to swim.
Flagella
__________are slender protuberances that project from the much larger cell body.
Cilia
____________ are solid rods built as a twisted double chain of actin subunits
Microfilaments
The structural role of ________ is to bear tension, resisting pulling forces within the cell
microfilaments
