Chapter 6 Flashcards
The ____ is the simplest collection of matter that can be alive.
Cell
_________ focus a beam of electrons onto the surface of a specimen, providing images that look 3-D
Scanning electron microscopes (SEMs)
___________ focus a bean of electrons through a specimen.
Transmission electron microscopes (TEMs)
Only organisms of the domains Bacteria and Archaea consist of ____________.
Prokaryotic cells
Protists, fungi, animals, and plants all consist of _____________.
Eukaryotic cells
What are basic features of all cells?
- Plasma membrane
- Semifluid substance called cytosol
- Chromosomes (carry genes)
- Ribosomes (make proteins)
Prokaryotic Cells are characterized by having……?
- No nucleus
- DNA in an unbound region called nucleoid
- No membrane-bound organelles
- Cytoplasm bound by the plasma membrane
Eukaryotic cells are characterized by having……?
- DNA in a nucleus that is bounded by a membranous nuclear envelope
- Membrane-bound organelles
- Cytoplasm in the region between the plasma membrane and nucleus
A __________ cell has internal membranes that partition the cell into organelles.
Eukaryotic
__________are composed of a single DNA molecule associated with proteins.
Chromosomes
The DNA and proteins of chromosomes are together called……?
Chromatin
Chromatin condenses to form discrete_________as a cell prepares to divide.
Chromosomes
The___________is located within the nucleus and is the site of ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesis.
Nucleolus
___________are complexes made of ribosomal RNA and protein.
Ribosomes
Ribosomes carry out protein synthesis in _____ locations.
two
- in the cytosol (free ribosomes)
- on the outside of the endoplasmic reticulum or the nuclear envelope (bound ribosomes)
The endomembrane system consists of….?
- Nuclear envelope
- Endoplasmic reticulum
- Golgi apparatus
- Lysosomes
- Vacuoles
- Plasma membrane
These components are either continuous or connected via transfer by vesicles
The ________ accounts for more than half of the total membrane in many eukaryotic cells.
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
The ___________ is continuous with the nuclear envelope.
ER membrane
Two distinct regions of ER
Smooth ER, lacks ribosomes
Rough ER, studded with ribosomes
The smooth ER
- Synthesizes lipids
- Metabolizes carbohydrates
- Detoxifies drugs and poisons
- Stores calcium ions
- Certain drugs induce the proliferation of smooth ER, increasing the rates of detoxification
The ______________ : shipping and receiving center
Golgi apparatus
Golgi Apparatus……?
Consists of flattered membranous sacs called cisternae
Functions of Golgi Apparatus….?
- Modifies products of the ER
- Manufactures certain macromolecules
- Sorts/packages materials into transport vesicles
________is a membranous sac of hydrolytic enzymes that can digest macromolecules.
Lysosome
