Chapter 6- Cognitive development approaches Flashcards
What do Piaget’s theories stress?
- that children actively construct their own knowledge
- believed children went through systematic changes
What are the 5 Processes of development?
SCHEMES- actions or mental representations that organize knowledge; concepts
ASSIMILATION- children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge
ACCOMMODATION- adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experiences
ORGANIZATION- children begin to group thoughts for better functioning; continually refining
EQUILIBRIUM- the transition from one stage of development to the next
Define the process schemes.
Concepts or mental representations that organize knowledge
Define the process assimilation.
children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge
Define the process accommodation.
adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experience
Define the process of organization
children begin to group thoughts for better function; pruning
Define the process of equilibrium.
the transition from one stage of development tot the next
What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?
Sensorimotor- birth to 2
Pre operational- 2 to 7yrs
Concrete operations- 7 to 10 yrs
Formal operations- 11 through adulthood
What is the sensory motor stage of cognitive development by piaget?
- from birth to 2
- begin understanding the world by co-ordinating sensory experiences (sense) with physical experiences (motor)
What are the 6 substages of sensory motor cognitive development?
Simple reflexes
First habits and primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
Tertiary circular reactions
Internalization of schemes
Describe the sensorimotor substage SIMPLE REFLEXES.
- First month
- sensation and action are coordinated through reflexes
- infants begin to produce behaviours that resemble reflexes in absence of stimuli
Describe the sensorimotor substage FIRST HABITS AND CIRCULAR REACTIONS,
- 1 to 4 months
- coordinate sensation with …
habit (schemes from reflexes that have become separate from stimuli) and primary circular action (schemes used to produce an event that initially occurred by chance) - habits and circular reactions are repeated the same way each time aka stereotyped
Describe the sensorimotor substage SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION.
- 4 to 8 months
- infants become more OBJECT ORIENTED and less preoccupied with self
- SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION are when schemes are repeated because of their CONSEQUENCES
Describe the sensorimotor substage COORDINATION OF SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS.
8-12 MONTHS
- coordination begins of vision and touch, hand and eye
- actions become more outward directed
- infants readily combine and recombine schemes in a coordinated way
Describe the sensorimotor substage TERTIARY REACTION, NOVELTY AND CURIOSITY.
- 12-18 months
- explores what they can make objects do
Describe the sensorimotor substage INTERNALIZATION OF SCHEMES.
- 18-21 months
- developed ability to use primitive symbols (an internalized sensory image or word that represents an event
example:
a child saw a match box being opened and closed and later mimic the event by opening and closing her mouth
5 months old look for _____ things.
new or novel
Transfer of information from the sense of touch to the sense of vision occurs at ___ months
5
What is object permanence?
understanding that objects continue to exist even when you can’t see them
What is the A-not-B error?
the mistake of selecting the same hiding place (A) instead of a new one (B)
Several theorists argue that infants ________ abilities are highly developed very early in life.
perceptual
How do infants see objects shortly after birth or by at least 3-4 months?
objects are seen as bound, unitary, solid, and separate from their background
Piaget was wrong about when certain _______abilities started
cognitive
What is Piaget’s ‘core knowledge approach’?
the theory that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems
examples of domain specific knowledge systems…space, number senses, object permanence, language
