Chapter 6- Cognitive development approaches

Question 1

What do Piaget’s theories stress?

Answer 1

• that children actively construct their own knowledge

- believed children went through systematic changes

Question 2

What are the 5 Processes of development?

Answer 2

SCHEMES- actions or mental representations that organize knowledge; concepts
ASSIMILATION- children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge
ACCOMMODATION- adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experiences
ORGANIZATION- children begin to group thoughts for better functioning; continually refining
EQUILIBRIUM- the transition from one stage of development to the next

Question 3

Define the process schemes.

Answer 3

Concepts or mental representations that organize knowledge

Question 4

Define the process assimilation.

Answer 4

children use existing schemes to incorporate knowledge

Question 5

Define the process accommodation.

Answer 5

adjusting schemes to fit knew knowledge, info or experience

Question 6

Define the process of organization

Answer 6

children begin to group thoughts for better function; pruning

Question 7

Define the process of equilibrium.

Answer 7

the transition from one stage of development tot the next

Question 8

What are Piaget’s 4 stages of development?

Answer 8

Sensorimotor- birth to 2
Pre operational- 2 to 7yrs
Concrete operations- 7 to 10 yrs
Formal operations- 11 through adulthood

Question 9

What is the sensory motor stage of cognitive development by piaget?

Answer 9

• from birth to 2

- begin understanding the world by co-ordinating sensory experiences (sense) with physical experiences (motor)

Question 10

What are the 6 substages of sensory motor cognitive development?

Answer 10

Simple reflexes
First habits and primary circular reactions
Secondary circular reactions
Coordination of secondary circular reactions
Tertiary circular reactions
Internalization of schemes

Question 11

Describe the sensorimotor substage SIMPLE REFLEXES.

Answer 11

• First month
• sensation and action are coordinated through reflexes
• infants begin to produce behaviours that resemble reflexes in absence of stimuli

Question 12

Describe the sensorimotor substage FIRST HABITS AND CIRCULAR REACTIONS,

Answer 12

• 1 to 4 months
• coordinate sensation with …
  habit (schemes from reflexes that have become separate from stimuli) and primary circular action (schemes used to produce an event that initially occurred by chance)
• habits and circular reactions are repeated the same way each time aka stereotyped

Question 13

Describe the sensorimotor substage SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION.

Answer 13

• 4 to 8 months
• infants become more OBJECT ORIENTED and less preoccupied with self
• SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTION are when schemes are repeated because of their CONSEQUENCES

Question 14

Describe the sensorimotor substage COORDINATION OF SECONDARY CIRCULAR REACTIONS.

Answer 14

8-12 MONTHS

• coordination begins of vision and touch, hand and eye
• actions become more outward directed
• infants readily combine and recombine schemes in a coordinated way

Question 15

Describe the sensorimotor substage TERTIARY REACTION, NOVELTY AND CURIOSITY.

Answer 15

• 12-18 months

- explores what they can make objects do

Question 16

Describe the sensorimotor substage INTERNALIZATION OF SCHEMES.

Answer 16

• 18-21 months
• developed ability to use primitive symbols (an internalized sensory image or word that represents an event
  example:
  a child saw a match box being opened and closed and later mimic the event by opening and closing her mouth

Question 17

5 months old look for _____ things.

Answer 17

new or novel

Question 18

Transfer of information from the sense of touch to the sense of vision occurs at ___ months

Answer 18

5

Question 19

What is object permanence?

Answer 19

understanding that objects continue to exist even when you can’t see them

Question 20

What is the A-not-B error?

Answer 20

the mistake of selecting the same hiding place (A) instead of a new one (B)

Question 21

Several theorists argue that infants ________ abilities are highly developed very early in life.

Answer 21

perceptual

Question 22

How do infants see objects shortly after birth or by at least 3-4 months?

Answer 22

objects are seen as bound, unitary, solid, and separate from their background

Question 23

Piaget was wrong about when certain _______abilities started

Answer 23

cognitive

Question 24

What is Piaget’s ‘core knowledge approach’?

Answer 24

the theory that infants are born with domain-specific innate knowledge systems
examples of domain specific knowledge systems…space, number senses, object permanence, language