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Spanish > Chapter 6: Chemistry In Biology > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Chemistry In Biology Flashcards

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1
Q

Chemistry

A

The study of matter, it’s composition, and properties

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2
Q

Compound

A

Pure substance with unique properties; forms when two or more different elements combine

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3
Q

Covalent bond

A

Type of chemical bond formed when atoms share electrons

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4
Q

Electron

A

Negatively charged particle that occupies space around an atom’s nucleus

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5
Q

Element

A

Pure substance composed of only one type of atom; not be broken down into another substance by physical or chemical means

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6
Q

Ion

A

Tom that is negatively or positively charged because it has lost or gained one or more electrons

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7
Q

Ionic bond

A

Electrical attraction between two oppositely charged atoms or groups of atoms

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8
Q

Isotope

A

Two or more atoms of the same element having different numbers or neutrons

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9
Q

Matter

A

Anything that takes up space and has mass

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10
Q

Molecule

A

Compound whose atoms are held together by covalent bonds

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11
Q

Neutron

A

Particle without a charge in an atoms nucleus

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12
Q

Nucleus

A

Center of an atom; contains neutrons and protons

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13
Q

Proton

A

Positively charged particle in an atom’s nucleus

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14
Q

van der Waals force

A

Attractive forces between molecules

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15
Q

Activation energy

A

Minimal amount of energy needed for reactants to form products in a chemical reaction

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16
Q

Active site

A

Specific place where a substrate binds on an enzyme

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17
Q

Catalyst

A

Substance that speeds up a chemical reaction by reducing the activation energy

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18
Q

Chemical Reaction

A

Energy-requiring process by which atoms or groups of atoms in substances are changed into different substances

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19
Q

Enzyme

A

Protein that speeds up biological reaction by lowering the activation energy needed to start a reaction

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20
Q

Product

A

Substance formed by chemical reaction; located on the right side of the equation

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21
Q

Reactant

A

Substances that exist before a chemical reaction starts; located on the left side of a chemical equation

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22
Q

Substrate

A

Reactant to which enzyme binds

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23
Q

Acid

A

Substance that releases hydrogen ions (H+) when dissolved in water, and acidic solution has a pH less than 7

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24
Q

Adhesion

A

The attraction of water molecules to a surface made of different substances

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25
Q

Base

A

Substance that releases hydroxide ions (OH-) when dissolved in water; a basic solution has a pH greater than 7

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26
Q

Buffer

A

Mixture that can react with an acid or a base to maintain the pH with in a specific range

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27
Q

Capillary action

A

Upward movement of water in a small tube due to adhesions, cohesion, and surface tension

28
Q

Cohesion

A

Attraction of water molecules to other water molecules

29
Q

Colloid

A

A substance that consists of particles dispersed throughout another substance which are too small for resolution with an ordinary light microscope but are in capable of passing through a semipermeable membrane

30
Q

Heterogeneous mixture

A

A mixture in which the different materials making up the Mctier are not evenly dispersed and can be distinguished from one another
EX: blood

31
Q

Homogeneous mixture

A

A mixture in which the materials making of the mixture are spread out uniformly, and cannot be distinguished from one another
EX: saliva, air we breathe

32
Q

Hydrogen bond

A

Wear electrostatic bond One by the attraction of opposite charges between hydrogen atom and oxygen, fluoride, and or nitrogen atoms

33
Q

Mixture

A

Combination of two or more different substances in which each substance keeps its individual characteristics; can have uniform composition (homogeneous) or have distinct areas of substance (heterogeneous)

34
Q

pH

A

Measure of the concentration of hydrogen ions in a solution

35
Q

Polar molecules

A

Molecules with oppositely charged regions

36
Q

Solubility

A

Measure of the amount of solute that will dissolve in solvent

37
Q

Solute

A

Substance dissolved in a solvent

38
Q

Solution

A

Homogeneous mixture forms when a substance (the solute) is dissolved in another substance (the solvent)

39
Q

Solvent

A

Substance in which another substance is dissolved

40
Q

Surface tension

A

Cohesion of the upper layer of water molecules formed in a “skin” or “membrane”

41
Q

Universal solvent

A

Substance that can dissolve a large variety of substances; water

42
Q

Amino acid

A

Carbon compound joined by peptide bonds; building blocks of proteins

43
Q

Biomolecule

A

A large, organic molecule found in living organisms; examples are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids

44
Q

Carbohydrate

A

Organic compound containing carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen are in a ratio of one oxygen into hydrogen atoms for each carbon atom

45
Q

Cellulose

A

A complex starch that makes up the cell walls in plants

46
Q

Chitin

A

Tough, flexible polysaccharide in the exoskeletons of insects and crustaceans and in fungal cell walls

47
Q

Condensation

A

Chemical reaction that joins monomers together to form a polymer; this reactions give off a molecule of water

48
Q

Deoxyribonucleic acid

A

Nucleic acid; the master copy of organisms information code that contains instructions used to form all of the organisms enzymes and structural proteins

49
Q

Disaccharide

A

Type of carbohydrate formed from two sugar molecules bonded together

50
Q

Hydrolysis

A

Chemical reaction that breaks apart a polymer by adding water

51
Q

Hydrophobic

A

Does not dissolve in water; water fearing

52
Q

Lipid

A

Hydrophobic biological molecule composed mostly of carbon and hydrogen; fats, oils, and waxes are lipids

53
Q

Macromolecule

A

Large molecule formed by joining smaller organic molecules together

54
Q

Metabolism

A

All of the chemical reactions that occur within an organism

55
Q

Monomer

A

Smallest unit of building blocks or a large, more complex molecules (polymer)

56
Q

Nucleic acid

A

Complex macromolecule that stores and communicates genetic information

57
Q

Nucleotide

A

Subunit of nucleic acid form from a simple sugar, a phosphate group, in a nitrogenous base

58
Q

Peptide bond

A

Covalent bond formed between amino acids

59
Q

Polymer

A

Large molecule formed from smaller repeating units of identical, or nearly identical, compounds linked by covalent bonds

60
Q

Polysaccharide

A

Type of carbohydrate made of three or more monosaccharides bonded together

61
Q

Protein

A

Organic compound made of amino acids joined by peptide bonds; primary building block of organisms

62
Q

RNA

A

Ribonucleic acid-guides protein synthesis

63
Q

Saturated fat

A

Lipid compounds such as bacon fat and better with only single bonds present in the carbon chain; solid at room temperature

64
Q

Unsaturated fat

A

Lipid compounds such as vegetable oils with single and double bonds in the carbon chain of fatty acids; liquid at room temperature

65
Q

Atom

A

Building block of matter; contains subatomic particles-neutrons, protons, electrons

Spanish (8 decks)

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