Chapter 6 cell organization Flashcards
what are light microscopes
the is a type of microscope that use light and lenses to magnify an object.
What are electron Microscopes
they shoot beams of electrons at a sample
what are the 3 types of electron microscopes
Scanning electron microscopes (SEM)
transmission electron microscope (TEM)
Cryo-electron microscope (CEM)
what are scanning electron microscopes used for
focus electrons on the cells surface providing a 3D image of the cell
what are transmission microscopes used for
they focus electrons through the cell to highlight internal structures
what are cryogenic microscopes used for
preserves cell samples at low temps, giving visualization without using fixatives/preservatives.
often used with x-ray crystallography
what do all cells have
cell membrane
cytosol
chromosomes
ribosome
what are prokaryotic cells?
bacteria + archea
what are eukaryotic cells
protist
fungi
animals
plants
what is cells fractionation and centrifugal
when cells are broken down through high movement at different speeds to separate out major organelles
difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
prokaryotic cells: don’t have a nucleus or membrane-bound organelle. they have unbound DNA that floats freely through the cytoplasm.
Eukaryotic cells: they have DNA that is contained in a double membrane-bound nucleus as well as membrane-bound organelles and cytoplasm.
Both: both types contain ribosomes
what governs a cells size
the surface area to volume ratio
volume grows proportional more than surface area.
what divides the inside of a eukaryotic cell
internal membranes divide the cell into specialized compartments
these internal membranes are double-layered phospholipids that help create unique local environments for each organelle
this allows for otherwise incompatible processes to all occur in the same cell
