Chapter 6: Cardiovascular system Flashcards
Cardiovascular system notes
Functions of the cardiovascular system
Circulates blood through body in order to deliver & eliminates waste products
Epicardium
Innermost layer of pericardium
myocardium
middle muscular layer
endocardium
lines inner chambers and covers valves
Atrioventricular (Av) valves
- Tricuspid (between Rt. Atrium & Rt. Ventricle)
- Bicuspid (between Lt. Atrium & Lt. ventricle)
Semilunar valves
- Pulmonary (Pulm. Artery)
- Aortic (Aortic Artery)
Pulmonary Circulation
- Right side of the heart
- From heart to lungs and back to heart
Systemic Circulation
- Left side of heart
- From lungs to body back to heart
Blood pressure
Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery/vein
Normal adult BP
Systolic = 90-40 Diastolic = 60-90
Bp measurement
mmhg
Systolic BP
Ventricles contracting
Diastolic BP
Ventricles relaxing
Sphygmomanometer
Blood pressure cuff & Gage
Hight blood pressure
Hypertension diagnosis; painless & symptomless
Top 3 reasons for high blood pressure
1) Family History
2) Diet
3) Lack of exersise
Pulse
Throbbing of arteries generating by heart contracting
Normal pulse
60-90 beats per minute
Must be taken with a stethoscope
Apical
Most common pulse point
Radial
Pulse that requires a stethoscope, used for blood pressure.
Brachia
Aneurysm
Localized enlargement of an artery; due to atherosclerotic damage and sometimes high blood pressure; increased risk of stroke
If you can feel a pulse in the most distal locations (______ &_______) you can assume the blood flow will go back to the heart
Dorsalis pedis (petal pulse) & Radial
Angina
Spasmodic chest pain cause by Ischemia
Cardiac Tamponade
Compression of heart due to excess fluid in pericardium
Congestive heart failure (CHF)
Reduced blood flow to heart
Coronary artery disease
Plaque build up in the arteries of the heart
Atherosclerosis
Fat plaque that adheres to harden arteries
Arrhythmia
Absence of lack of rhythm in heart beat (Sa node -> Av node -> Rt./Lt. Bundle beaches -> purkinje fibers)
Bradycardia
Condition of slow heart rate
Tachycardia
Condition of fast heart rate
Shock
Insufficient blood flow to the heart for a normal body to function
Embolus
Mass traveling in the blood vessel that causes an obstruction
Thrombus
Blood clot in the wall of a blood vessel
Heart Murmur
Abnormal heart sound
Hypertension
DX of HBP
Hypotension
Low BP
Myocardial infraction (MI)
Heart attack- blockage of a coronary artery which results in death of myocardium
Angiogram
Used to locate blockage of artery
Cardiac Catherization
Insertion of a catheter (hollow tube) in the femoral artery to gain access to the coronary arteries
Holter monitor (EKG)
Portable EKG that monitors electrical impulses through the heart
Stress Test
A test to check for blockages of coronary artery system
Electrocardiogram (EKG)
test to analyze conduction through the heart
Defibrillation
shocking the heart to stop it so It can correct itself and beat normally
Pacemaker
Internal defibrillator & regulated heart rate
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)
bypassing the blocked artery with another artery taken from the patient from somewhere else
Heart Transplant
Treatment for CHF
Echocardiogram
Ultrasound of the heart
Ballon Angioplasty w/ Stent
Uses balloon to open up clogged artery (PCTA in med term - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) USU. preformed by an interventional cardiologist
Angiotensin
Dilates blood vessels
Anticoagulant
reduces blood clotting/ blood thinner
Antihypertensive
Reduce BP
Antirrhythmic
Restores rhythm to heart
Digitoxin/Digitals
Strengthens the contraction of the heart
Calcium Channel Blocker
Dilates blood vessels
Diuretic
Make your kidneys urinate out excess fluid
Vascoconstrictor
decreases vessel lumen
Vasodilator
increased vessel lumen
Interventional Cardiologist
Preforms balloon angioplasties & angiograms
Cardiothoracic Surgen
Does open heart surgery ie. transplants & bypasses
Electrocardiologist
conduction issue
HDL
Good (High density lipoprotein)
LDL
Bad (Low density lipoprotein)
Total Cholesterol <200
HDL & LDL, Numbers found on blood chemistry panel