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Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System > Chapter 6: Cardiovascular system > Flashcards

Chapter 6: Cardiovascular system Flashcards

Cardiovascular system notes

1
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A

Circulates blood through body in order to deliver & eliminates waste products

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2
Q

Epicardium

A

Innermost layer of pericardium

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3
Q

myocardium

A

middle muscular layer

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4
Q

endocardium

A

lines inner chambers and covers valves

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5
Q

Atrioventricular (Av) valves

A
  • Tricuspid (between Rt. Atrium & Rt. Ventricle)
  • Bicuspid (between Lt. Atrium & Lt. ventricle)
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6
Q

Semilunar valves

A
  • Pulmonary (Pulm. Artery)
  • Aortic (Aortic Artery)
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7
Q

Pulmonary Circulation

A
  • Right side of the heart
  • From heart to lungs and back to heart
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8
Q

Systemic Circulation

A
  • Left side of heart
  • From lungs to body back to heart
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9
Q

Blood pressure

A

Pressure exerted by the blood against the wall of an artery/vein

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10
Q

Normal adult BP

A

Systolic = 90-40 Diastolic = 60-90

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11
Q

Bp measurement

A

mmhg

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12
Q

Systolic BP

A

Ventricles contracting

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13
Q

Diastolic BP

A

Ventricles relaxing

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14
Q

Sphygmomanometer

A

Blood pressure cuff & Gage

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15
Q

Hight blood pressure

A

Hypertension diagnosis; painless & symptomless

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16
Q

Top 3 reasons for high blood pressure

A

1) Family History
2) Diet
3) Lack of exersise

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17
Q

Pulse

A

Throbbing of arteries generating by heart contracting

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18
Q

Normal pulse

A

60-90 beats per minute

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19
Q

Must be taken with a stethoscope

A

Apical

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20
Q

Most common pulse point

A

Radial

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21
Q

Pulse that requires a stethoscope, used for blood pressure.

A

Brachia

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22
Q

Aneurysm

A

Localized enlargement of an artery; due to atherosclerotic damage and sometimes high blood pressure; increased risk of stroke

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22
Q

If you can feel a pulse in the most distal locations (______ &_______) you can assume the blood flow will go back to the heart

A

Dorsalis pedis (petal pulse) & Radial

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23
Q

Angina

A

Spasmodic chest pain cause by Ischemia

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24
Q

Cardiac Tamponade

A

Compression of heart due to excess fluid in pericardium

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25
Q

Congestive heart failure (CHF)

A

Reduced blood flow to heart

26
Q

Coronary artery disease

A

Plaque build up in the arteries of the heart

26
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

Fat plaque that adheres to harden arteries

27
Q

Arrhythmia

A

Absence of lack of rhythm in heart beat (Sa node -> Av node -> Rt./Lt. Bundle beaches -> purkinje fibers)

28
Q

Bradycardia

A

Condition of slow heart rate

29
Q

Tachycardia

A

Condition of fast heart rate

30
Q

Shock

A

Insufficient blood flow to the heart for a normal body to function

31
Q

Embolus

A

Mass traveling in the blood vessel that causes an obstruction

32
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot in the wall of a blood vessel

32
Q

Heart Murmur

A

Abnormal heart sound

33
Q

Hypertension

A

DX of HBP

33
Q

Hypotension

A

Low BP

34
Q

Myocardial infraction (MI)

A

Heart attack- blockage of a coronary artery which results in death of myocardium

35
Q

Angiogram

A

Used to locate blockage of artery

36
Q

Cardiac Catherization

A

Insertion of a catheter (hollow tube) in the femoral artery to gain access to the coronary arteries

37
Q

Holter monitor (EKG)

A

Portable EKG that monitors electrical impulses through the heart

38
Q

Stress Test

A

A test to check for blockages of coronary artery system

38
Q

Electrocardiogram (EKG)

A

test to analyze conduction through the heart

39
Q

Defibrillation

A

shocking the heart to stop it so It can correct itself and beat normally

40
Q

Pacemaker

A

Internal defibrillator & regulated heart rate

41
Q

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG)

A

bypassing the blocked artery with another artery taken from the patient from somewhere else

42
Q

Heart Transplant

A

Treatment for CHF

43
Q

Echocardiogram

A

Ultrasound of the heart

43
Q

Ballon Angioplasty w/ Stent

A

Uses balloon to open up clogged artery (PCTA in med term - Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty) USU. preformed by an interventional cardiologist

44
Q

Angiotensin

A

Dilates blood vessels

45
Q

Anticoagulant

A

reduces blood clotting/ blood thinner

46
Q

Antihypertensive

A

Reduce BP

47
Q

Antirrhythmic

A

Restores rhythm to heart

48
Q

Digitoxin/Digitals

A

Strengthens the contraction of the heart

49
Q

Calcium Channel Blocker

A

Dilates blood vessels

50
Q

Diuretic

A

Make your kidneys urinate out excess fluid

51
Q

Vascoconstrictor

A

decreases vessel lumen

52
Q

Vasodilator

A

increased vessel lumen

53
Q

Interventional Cardiologist

A

Preforms balloon angioplasties & angiograms

54
Q

Cardiothoracic Surgen

A

Does open heart surgery ie. transplants & bypasses

55
Q

Electrocardiologist

A

conduction issue

56
Q

HDL

A

Good (High density lipoprotein)

57
Q

LDL

A

Bad (Low density lipoprotein)

58
Q

Total Cholesterol <200

A

HDL & LDL, Numbers found on blood chemistry panel

Chapter 6: Cardiovascular System (5 decks)

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