Chapter 6 Bones

Question 1

How many bones in the human body ?

Answer 1

206

Question 2

What are the 5 major functions of bone ?

Answer 2

1. Support the body
2. Protect the organs
3. Produce blood cells
4. Store fat and Ca+ (calcium)
5. Act as levers for muscle

Question 3

Name the 5 types of bone

Answer 3

1. Long bone - shaped like a rod (arm, leg bones)
2. Short bone- cube shaped (carpal bones)
3. Flat bones- thin, flat &slightly curved (sternum, ribs)
4. Irregular bones (pelvis, facial)
5. Sesamoid bones- develop inside a tendon (patella)

Question 4

What are the 2 main structural arrangements of all bone ?

Answer 4

Spongy bone and Compact bone

Question 5

What material is responsible for connecting bones to tissue ?

Answer 5

Collagen fibers

Question 6

What are the two connective tissues that wrap around the bone ?

Answer 6

Periosteum and Endosteum
Connective tissue that provides blood, nerves, attachment points & bone stem cells

Question 7

What is the tissue of the outside of the bone called and what does it consist of ?

Answer 7

The outside layer is called Periosteum. It consists of Fibrous layer of dense connective tissue, collagen and tendons. And an osteogenic layer of cells that line the bone outer surface.

Question 8

What is the tissue of the inside of the bone called and what does it consist of ?

Answer 8

The inside layer is called Endosteum. It consists of just the bone stem cells on the inside

Question 10

What connects a muscle to a bone ?

Answer 10

Tendons that are woven into the bone by collagen fibers

Question 11

What are tendons made of ?

Answer 11

Collagen fibers

Question 12

What are the two types of tissue that fills the space inside the bone ?

Answer 12

Red marrow made of blood cells and Yellow marrow made up of triglycerides

Question 14

Periosteum

Answer 14

A dense connective tissue covering the outer surface of bones, providing blood supply, nerves and attachment points for tendons and ligaments.

Question 15

Endosteum

Answer 15

A thin membrane lining the inner surface of bones consisting mainly of osteoprogenitor cells for bone remodeling.

Question 16

Dense Irregular Connective Tissue

Answer 16

Tissues composed mostly of collagen fibers running in various directions providing strength and flexibility

Question 17

Osteoprogenitor cells

Answer 17

Bones stem cells found in the periosteum and endosteum, essential for bone growth and repair

Question 18

Perforating Fibers

Answer 18

Collagen fibers that anchor the periosteum to the bone matrix ensuring a tight connection

Question 19

Fibrous Layer

Answer 19

The outer layer of periosteum, rich in collagen blood vessels and nerves

Question 20

Osteogenic Layer

Answer 20

The inner layer of the periosteum containing osteoprogenitor cells, crucial for bone development

Question 21

Compact bone

Answer 21

Dense bone tissue forming the outer layer of bones providing strength and protection

Question 22

Spongy Bone

Answer 22

Bone tissue with a porous structure, found at the ends of long bones and within the interior of others

Question 23

Spongy Bone

Answer 23

Bone tissue with a porous structure

Question 24

Medullary Cavity

Answer 24

The central cavity of bone shafts where marrow is stored, lines by the endosteum

Question 25

Collagen

Answer 25

A strong rope-like protein that forms the structural framework of connective tissues

Question 26

Tendons

Answer 26

Connective tissues that attach muscles to bones, facilitate movement

Question 27

Ligaments

Answer 27

Connective tissues that connect bones to other bones, stabilizing joints.

Question 28

Bone Matrix

Answer 28

The intercellular substance of bone tissue, consisting of collagen fibers and mineral deposits.

Question 29

Trabeculae

Answer 29

The small, beam-like structure in spongy bone that provides structure support for and house bone marrow