Chapter 6: Aerial and Satellite Images

Question 1

a software package produced by Environmental Research Systems, Inc., of Red-lands, California

Answer 1

ArcGIS

Question 2

photos and satellite images that are data recorded from a distance

Answer 2

remotely sensed data

Question 3

images taken from aircraft using film or digital cameras

Answer 3

aerial images

Question 4

images recorded with satellite scanners

Answer 4

satellite images

Question 5

remotely sensed images capture data from large areas at a relatively low cost and in a uniform manner, this is _____.

Answer 5

large-area coverage

Question 6

photos and scanners can detect light from wavelengths outside the range of human eyesight. this includes thermal wavelengths and beyond. this _________ allows us to detect features that appear invisible to the human eye

Answer 6

extended spectral range

Question 7

cameras and imaging scanners have been developed specifically for quantitative mapping, removing error and ensuring ______

Answer 7

geometric accuracy

Question 8

the _______ of an image allows for comparison of conditions over multiple dates, or determination of conditions at a specific date

Answer 8

permanent record

Question 9

the distance between peaks in the electro-magnetic stream

Answer 9

wavelength

Question 10

the full range of wavelengths

Answer 10

the electromagnetic spectrum

Question 11

wavelength of approximately 0.0001 micrometers

Answer 11

X-rays

Question 12

wavelength between 0.4 and 0.7 micrometers

Answer 12

visible light

Question 13

data gathering system generated by the sun and reflected off of target objects are using ______

Answer 13

passive systems

Question 14

data gathering system generates an energy signal to detect the energy returned

Answer 14

active systems

Question 15

an active remote sensing system using radio detection and ranging

Answer 15

Radar

Question 16

an active remote sensing system using light detection and ranging

Answer 16

LiDAR

Question 17

the science of measuring geometry from images

Answer 17

photogrammetry

Question 18

three applications for aerial images

Answer 18

as a basis for mapping, a basis for landcover and infrastructure mapping, as a backdrop map for other features

Question 19

a mechanism to control the amount of light reaching the sensing media

Answer 19

diaphragm

Question 20

the digital sensor or film that records light

Answer 20

sensing media

Question 21

gd = sd * H / h

Answer 21

sensing data (physical system), flying height (H), focal length (h)

Question 22

sizes that are usually specified by the edge dimension of the imaged area

Answer 22

formats

Question 23

240 mm film are considered _______, where 70 mm were once common

Answer 23

large format

Question 24

film layers that are sensitive to a different set of wavelengths, which undergo chemcial reactions when exposed to light

Answer 24

emulsions

Question 25

black and white films which are sensitive to visible light

Answer 25

panchromatic films

Question 26

films which are sensitive through the visible spectrum and longer wavelengths (up to 0.95 micrometers)

Answer 26

infrared films

Question 27

_______ affects the relative position of objects

Answer 27

distortion

Question 28

gives a geometrically distorted image of the Earth’s surface

Answer 28

perspective view

Question 29

distortion in aerial images comes from six sources

Answer 29

terrain, camera tilt, film deformation, the camera lens, sensor defects (or other camera errors), atmospheric bending

Question 30

the largest sources of geometric distortion (in aerial mapping)

Answer 30

terrain variation and camera tilt

Question 31

the radial displacement of objects that are at different elevations

Answer 31

relief displacement

Question 32

what is relief displacement caused by?

Answer 32

terrain variation

Question 33

difference in elevation within the image area

Answer 33

terrain variation

Question 34

terrain distortions are radial, meaning higher elevations are displaced

Answer 34

outward

Question 35

terrain distortions are radial, meaning lower elevations are displaced

Answer 35

inward

Question 36

tilt is characterized by three angles of rotation

Answer 36

omega, phi, and kappa

Question 37

a standard procedure used to register orthographic maps

Answer 37

affine transformation

Question 38

a single picture of an object or a seamless image covering a spatially continuous area. a spatially continuous single picture.

Answer 38

raster dataset

Question 39

a collection of raster datasets displayed in a single layer. makeup of this collection of raster data can have different coordinate systems and data format type.

Answer 39

raster catalogue

Question 40

aerial images are used to measure and identify ____

Answer 40

the horizontal and vertical locations of objects

Question 41

aerial images are used to categorize or assign attributes to surface features, used as a basis for _____

Answer 41

landcover and infrastructure mapping

Question 42

no separation between objects

Question 43

characteristics/attributes of a spatial phenomenon at the cell location

Answer 43

cell value

Question 44

integer, or floating number (continuous data)

Answer 44

cell value type

Question 45

reflects the spatial variation of the phenomenon

Answer 45

cell value change