Chapter 6 - Adolescence

Question 1

Puberty

Answer 1

Period of rapid growth and sexual maturation

8-14

G10
B12

Question 2

Distal proximal development

Answer 2

Growth proceeds from the extremities toward the torso

Question 3

Primary sexual characteristics

Answer 3

Changes in the productive organs

Question 4

Spermarche

Answer 4

First ejaculation of semen

11-15

Question 5

Menarche

Answer 5

First menstrual period

Question 6

Secondary sexual characteristics

Answer 6

Visible physical changes not directly linked to reproduction, but signal sexual maturity

Question 7

Acne

Answer 7

Pimples on the skin due to overactive sebaceous glands

Glands develop at a greater speed in the skin ducts that discharges the oil

Ducts can become clogged with dead skin and acne will develop

Question 8

Limbic system

Answer 8

Regulates, emotion, and reward

Novelty, seeking, and a shift toward interacting with peers

Question 9

Prefrontal cortex

Answer 9

Involved in the control of impulses, organization, planning, and making good decisions

Question 10

Dopamine

Answer 10

Involved in reward, circuits

Neurotransmitter

Question 11

Oxytocin

Answer 11

Facilitates bonding and makes social connections more rewarding

Question 12

Muscle dysmorphia

Answer 12

Extreme desire to increase one’s muscularity

Men

Question 13

Maudsley approach

Answer 13

Has parents of adolescents with anorexia nervosa be actively involved in their child’s treatment

Question 14

Cognitive therapy

Answer 14

Assists sufferers by identifying, distorted, thinking patterns, and changing inaccurate beliefs

Question 15

Abstract principles

Answer 15

No physical reference

Beauty, love, freedom and morality

Question 16

Hypothetical, deductive reasoning

Answer 16

Developing hypothesis based on what might logically occur

Question 17

Transitivity

Answer 17

Relationship between two elements is carried over to other elements logically related to the first two

A<B and B<C then A<C

Question 18

Egocentrism

Answer 18

Heightened self-focus

Question 19

Imagery audience

Answer 19

Adolescent’s belief that those around them are as concerned and focused on their appearance, as they themselves are

Question 20

Personal fable

Answer 20

Belief that one is unique, special, and invulnerable to harm

Question 21

Introspection

Answer 21

Thinking about one’s thoughts and feelings

Question 22

Idealistic

Answer 22

Insisting upon high standards of behavior

Question 23

Hypocrisy

Answer 23

Pretend to be what they are not

Question 24

Pseudo-stupidity

Answer 24

When they approach problems at a level that is too complex, and they fail because the tasks are too simple

Bright but not experience

Question 25

Self-regulation

Answer 25

Ability to control impulses

Question 26

Inductive reasoning

Answer 26

Specific observations, or specific comments from those in authority, may be used to draw general conclusions Bottom up reasoning

Question 27

Deductive reasoning

Answer 27

Reasoning that starts with some over-arching principle, and based on this proposes specific conclusions Top down processing

Question 28

Dual process model

Answer 28

Notion that humans have two distinct networks for processing information

Question 29

Intuitive thought

Answer 29

Automatic, unconscious, and fast, and it is more experiential and emotional

Question 30

Status dropout rate

Answer 30

Percentage of 16 to 24 year olds who are not enrolled in school and do not have high school credentials

Question 31

Psychological moratorium

Answer 31

Teens put on hold commitment to an identity while exploring the options

Question 32

Identity diffusion

Answer 32

Status that characterizes those who have neither explored the options, nor made a commitment to an identity Little connection to those around them, or little sense of purpose in life

Question 33

Identity foreclosure

Answer 33

Made a commitment to an identity without having explored the options Parents make make decisions for their children and do not grant teen the opportunity to make choices Teens me, strongly identify with parents and others in their life and wish to follow in their footsteps

Question 34

Identity moratorium

Answer 34

Status that describes those who are actively exploring in an attempt to establish an identity, but have yet to have made any commitment Nothing is certain, many questions and not many answers

Question 35

Identity achievement

Answer 35

Those who, after exploration have made a commitment

Question 36

Ethnic identity

Answer 36

How people come to terms with who they are based on their ethnic or racial ancestry

Question 37

MAMA cycling

Answer 37

Moving back-and-forth between the moratorium and achievement

Question 38

Bicultural identity

Answer 38

Individual sees himself or herself as part of both the ethnic minority group, and the larger society

Question 39

Multi racial

Answer 39

Parents come from two or more ethnic or racial groups

Question 40

Negative identity

Answer 40

Adoption of norms and values that are the opposite of one’s family and culture, and is assumed to be one of the more problematic outcomes of identity development in young people

Question 41

Autonomy

Answer 41

Teenager’s greater desire for independence

Question 42

Homophily

Answer 42

Adolescents, who are similar to one another, choose to spend time together, in a “birds of a feather flock together” way

Question 43

Deviant peer contagion

Answer 43

Process by which peers reinforce problem behavior by laughing, or showing other signs of approval, that then increase the likelihood of future problem behavior

Question 44

Cliques

Answer 44

Groups of individuals who interact, frequent

Question 45

Crowds

Answer 45

Characterized more by shared, reputations or images than actual interactions

Question 46

Relationship inauthenticity

Answer 46

Incongruence (incompatibility) between thoughts, feelings, and actions within a relationship