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IS52 Lecture > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

An expansion card that enables a computer to produce omnidirectional or three-dimensional sounds.

A

3-D sound card

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2
Q

The time it takes a storage device to locate its stored data.

A

Access time

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3
Q

The part of the CPU that performs arithmetical and logic calculations.

A

arithmetic-logic uni (ALU)

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4
Q

Interface technology that allows a user to connect musical instruments and microphones to his or her computer.

A

MIDI

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5
Q

Small blocks of memory, located directly on and next to the central processing unit (CPU) chip, that act as holding places for recently or frequently used instructions or data that the CPU accesses the most.

A

cache memory

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6
Q

Steady beats or “ticks” of the system clock.

A

clock cycle

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7
Q

The steady and constant pace at which a computer goes through machine cycles, measured in hertz (Hz).

A

clock speed

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8
Q

Unit of the CPU that manages the switches inside the CPU.

A

control unit

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9
Q

A complete processing section from a central processing unit, embedded into one physical chip.

A

core

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10
Q

Measurements used to compare performance between processors.

A

CPU benchmarks

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11
Q

The percentage of time the central processing unit (CPU) is working.

A

CPU usage

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12
Q

Records central processing unit (CPU) usage and displays it visually.

A

CPU usage graph

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13
Q

A standard of video memory.

A

graphics double data rate 5

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14
Q

A specialized logic chip that’s dedicated to quickly displaying and calculating visual data such as shadows, textures, and luminosity

A

graphics processing unit (GPU)

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15
Q

The computer’s nonvolatile, primary storage device for permanent storage of software and data.

A

hard drive

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16
Q

Impact of the read/write head against the magnetic platter of the hard drive; often results in data loss.

A

head crash

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17
Q

A technology that permits quicker processing of information by enabling a new set of instructions to start executing before the previous set has finished.

A

hyperthreading

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18
Q

The collection of commands that a specific CPU can execute. Each CPU has its own unique instruction set.

A

instruction set

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19
Q

The process that occurs after the read/write head of the hard drive locates the correct track and then waits for the correct sector to spin to the read/write head.

A

latency (rotational delay)

20
Q

The series of steps a central processing unit goes through when it performs a program instruction.

A

machine cycle

21
Q

A small circuit board that holds a series of random access memory (RAM) chips.

A

memory module (memory card)

22
Q

A prediction, named after Gordon Moore, the co-founder of Intel; states that the number of transistors on a central processing unit chip will double every two years.

A

Moore’s Law

23
Q

Permanent storage, as in read-only memory (ROM).

A

nonvolatile storage

24
Q

Running the central processing unit at a speed faster than the manufacturer recommends.

A

overclocking

25
Q

A large network of computers, with each computer working on a portion of the same problem simultaneously

A

parallel processing

26
Q

The amount of random access memory (RAM) that’s installed in a computer.

A

physical memory

27
Q

A technique that allows the CPU to work on more than one instruction (or stage of processing) at the same time, thereby boosting CPU performance.

A

pipelining

28
Q

A thin, round, metallic storage plate stacked onto the hard drive spindle.

A

platter

29
Q

The strategy of running two hard drives in one system, cutting in half the time it takes to write a file.

A

RAID 0

30
Q

The strategy of mirroring all the data written on one hard drive to a second hard drive, providing an instant backup of all data

A

RAID 1

31
Q

The computer’s temporary storage space or short-term memory. It’s located in a set of chips on the system unit’s motherboard, and its capacity is measured in megabytes or gigabytes.

A

random access memory (RAM)

32
Q

The mechanism that retrieves (reads) and records (writes) the magnetic data to and from a data disk.

A

read/write head

33
Q

A set of strategies for using more than one hard drive in a computer system.

A

redundant array of independent disks (RAID)

34
Q

Special memory storage areas built into the CPU, which are the most expensive, fastest memory in your computer.

A

registers

35
Q

A section of a hard drive platter, wedge-shaped from the center of the platter to the edge.

A

sector

36
Q

The time it takes for the hard drive’s read/write heads to move over the surface of the disk to the correct track.

A

seek time

37
Q

A storage device that uses the same kind of memory that flash drives use but that can reach data in only a tenth of the time a flash drive requires.

A

solid-state drive (SSD)

38
Q

A drive that is a combination of both a mechanical hard drive and an SSD in a single device.

A

solid-state hybrid drive (SSHD)

39
Q

An expansion card that attaches to (or is integrated into) the motherboard inside the system unit and that enables the computer to produce sounds; also provides a connection for the speakers and microphone.

A

sound card

40
Q

A memory-management technique used by Windows. Monitors the applications you use the most and preloads them into your system memory so that they’ll be ready to go.

A

SuperFetch

41
Q

A type of audio processing that makes the listener experience sound as if it were coming from all directions.

A

surround sound

42
Q

This internal clock is actually a special crystal that acts like a metronome, keeping a steady beat and controlling when the CPU moves to the next stage of processing.

A

system clock

43
Q

The process of looking at a computer’s subsystems, what they do, and how they perform to determine whether the computer system has the right hardware components to do what the user ultimately wants it to do.

A

system evaluation

44
Q

A concentric circle that serves as a storage area on a hard drive platter.

A

track

45
Q

An expansion card that’s installed inside a system unit to translate binary data (the 1s and 0s the computer uses) into the images viewed on the monitor.

A

video card

46
Q

Random access memory that’s included as part of a video card.

A

video memory

47
Q

Temporary storage, such as in random access memory. When the power is turned off, the data in volatile storage is cleared out.

A

volatile storage

IS52 Lecture (4 decks)

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