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IS52 Lecture > Chapter 13 > Flashcards

Chapter 13 Flashcards

1
Q

A collection of technologies that allow the creation of web applications that can update information on a page without requiring the user to refresh or leave the page.

A

AJAX (Asynchronous JavaScript and XML)

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2
Q

A small application located on a server; when requested, the applet is downloaded to the client.

A

applet

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3
Q

A list of rules that defines in one single location how to display HTML elements.

A

cascading style sheet (CSS)

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4
Q

Where a dedicated connection is formed between two points (such as two people on telephones) and the connection remains active for the duration of the transmission.

A

circuit switching

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5
Q

A model of network communications where a client device such as a computer, tablet, or smartphone uses browsers to request services from networks that make up the Internet.

A

client/server model

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6
Q

A program that runs on the client computer and that requires no interaction with a web server.

A

client-side program

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7
Q

Computers that host software that enables users to buy goods and services over the Web.

A

commerce server

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8
Q

A set of rules for exchanging electronic information.

A

computer protocol

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9
Q

A protocol that a host computer can use to send data over the network without establishing a direct connection with any specific recipient computer.

A

connectionless protocol

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10
Q

Used by JavaScript to organize objects and page elements.

A

Document Object Model (DOM)

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11
Q

A server that maintains a database of domain names and converts domain names to Internet protocol addresses.

A

domain name system (DNS) server

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12
Q

The form of an Internet protocol address, where sets of numerals are separated by decimals (i.e., 197.169.73.63).

A

dotted decimal number (dotted quad)

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13
Q

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where a computer is assigned a temporary address from an available pool of addresses.

A

dynamic addressing

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14
Q

A protocol for assigning dynamic Internet protocol addresses.

A

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)

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15
Q

A combination of technologies—HTML, cascading style sheets, and JavaScript—used to create lively and interactive websites.

A

dynamic HTML (DHTML)

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16
Q

In HTML, a pair of tags and the text between them.

A

element

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17
Q

Internet-based communication in which senders and recipients correspond.

A

e-mail

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18
Q

A server whose function is to process and deliver incoming and outgoing e-mail.

A

e-mail server

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19
Q

The process of coding e-mail so that only the person with the key to the code (the intended recipient) can decode the message.

A

encryption

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20
Q

A markup language that enables designers to define their own data-based tags, making it much easier for a website to transfer the key information on its page to another site; it defines what data is being described rather than how it’s to be displayed.

A

eXtensible Markup Language (XML)

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21
Q

A server that stores and manages files for network users or that acts as a storehouse for files that users can download.

A

file server

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22
Q

In a connection-oriented protocol, the process of exchanging control packets before exchanging data packets.

A

handshaking

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23
Q

A digit with 16 possible values: 0–9 and A–F.

A

hexadecimal digit

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24
Q

A programming language that tucks programming code directly within the HTML of a web page; the most popular example is JavaScript.

A

HTML embedded scripting language

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25
Q

Tags that surround and define HTML content (such as <b> and</b>, which indicate bolding).

A

HTML tag

26
Q

The Internet protocol that ensures data is sent securely over the Web.

A

Hypertext Transfer Protocol Secure (HTTPS)

27
Q

The main pathway of high-speed communications lines over which all Internet traffic flows.

A

Internet backbone

28
Q

A section of the hard drive that stores information that may be needed again, such as Internet protocol addresses and frequently accessed web pages.

A

Internet cache

29
Q

The organization that registers Internet protocol addresses to ensure they’re unique and haven’t been assigned to other users.

A

Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)

30
Q

A way of connecting Internet service providers (ISPs) that’s made up of one or more network switches to which the ISPs connect.

A

Internet exchange point (IXP)

31
Q

The interconnection of uniquely identifiable embedded computing devices that transfer data over a network without requiring human-to-human or human-to-computer interaction.

A

Internet of Things (IoT)

32
Q

One of the original two protocols that were developed for the Internet (the other was TCP).

A

Internet protocol (IP)

33
Q

The original Internet protocol addressing scheme, created in 1981.

A

Internet protocol version 4 (IPv4)

34
Q

An Internet protocol addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses.

A

Internet protocol version 6 (IPv6)

35
Q

An Internet protocol (IP) addressing scheme that makes IP addresses longer, thereby providing more available addresses.

A

JavaScript

36
Q

A syntax for exchanging information between computers.

A

Javascript Object Notation (JSON)

37
Q

The two keys used in public-key encryption.

A

key pair

38
Q

Specification for sending files as attachments to e-mail.

A

Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions (MIME)

39
Q

In data exchange, the communication sent from one computer or system to another stating that it did not receive a data packet in readable form.

A

negative acknowledgment (NAK)

40
Q

A reference to each of the four numbers in a dotted decimal number Internet protocol address, so called because each number would have eight numerals in binary form.

A

octet

41
Q

The system software that controls the way in which a computer system functions, including the management of hardware, peripherals, and software.

A

operating system (OS)

42
Q

A small segment of data that’s bundled for sending over transmission media. Each packet contains the address of the computer or peripheral device to which it’s being sent.

A

packet (data packet)

43
Q

A bank of modems, servers, routers, and switches through which Internet users connect to an Internet service provider.

A

point of presence (POP)

44
Q

In data exchange, the confirmation sent from one computer or system to another saying that the computer has received a data packet that it can read.

A

positive acknowledgment (ACK)

45
Q

The key for decoding retained as private in public-key encryption.

A

private key

46
Q

A type of encryption where only the two parties involved in sending the message have the code.

A

private-key encryption

47
Q

A system having the characteristic of being closed to public access (private), as opposed to an open system.

A

proprietary system

48
Q

The key for coding distributed to the public in public-key encryption.

A

public key

49
Q

A type of encryption where two keys, known as a key pair, are created. One key is used for coding and the other for decoding. The key for coding is distributed as a public key, whereas the private key is retained for decoding.

A

public-key encryption

50
Q

A domain name system (DNS) server that contains the master listings for an entire top-level domain.

A

root DNS server

51
Q

A domain that’s directly below a top-level domain.

A

second-level domain

52
Q

A network security protocol that provides for the encryption of data transmitted using the Internet. The current versions of all major web browsers support SSL.

A

secure sockets layer (SSL)

53
Q

A type of program that runs on a web server rather than on a computer.

A

server-side program

54
Q

The protocol responsible for sending e-mail along the Internet to its destination; part of the Internet protocol suite.

A

Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)

55
Q

A way of assigning Internet protocol addresses where the address for a computer never changes and is most likely assigned manually by a network administrator or an Internet service provider.

A

static addressing

56
Q

A communications line that carries digital data over twisted-pair wires.

A

T line

57
Q

The main suite of protocols used for transmitting data over the Internet; short for Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet protocol (IP).

A

TCP/IP

58
Q

In Transmission Control Protocol, the process used to establish a connection between two computers before exchanging data. The steps in a three-way handshake are as follows: One computer establishes a connection to the Internet service provider (ISP) and announces it has e-mail to send, the ISP server responds that it’s ready to receive, and the computer acknowledges the ready state of the server and begins to transmit the e-mail.

A

three-way handshake

59
Q

One of the original two protocols developed for the Internet.

A

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)

60
Q

An updated extension of the secure sockets layer.

A

transport layer security (TLS)

61
Q

An Internet protocol that creates data packets across the Internet.

A

User Datagram Protocol (UDP)

IS52 Lecture (4 decks)

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