Chapter 6 Flashcards
Which best describes a purpose of film editing?
To break down scenes into many shots
Which type of editing involves briefly superimposing the end of one shot with the beginning of another?
Dissolve
In The Birds, why was the scene of the attack at the Bodega Bay waterfront edited as a sequence of four shots? (Click on image to enlarge.)
To make the bird attack more startling
To control pacing
To isolate and emphasize the action
Which of the following is NOT a basic dimension of film editing?
Cultural
When considering the graphic relationship between sequential shots, which of the following would be a purely pictorial quality?
Predominant color
What are some of the processes involved in film editing?
Assembling shots into an order
Trimming shots to a desired length
Sequential shots that are linked by close pictorial similarities make a ______.
graphic match
Before digital editing, how was a cut made?
By splicing two shots together
How does Hitchcock create graphic contrast in the shots represented by these images from The Birds? (Click on image to enlarge.)
Stillness vs. rapid movement
In the cut between these shots (the woman in the first shot and the gas station in the second) from The Birds, what is the film-editing convention that is being followed? (Click on image to enlarge.)
The image in the second shot is what is seen by the woman looking in the first shot.
Which dimension of film editing best describes a contrast of lighting between shot A and shot B?
Graphic
What is the most important aspect when considering the rhythmic possibilities in editing?
Length of a shot
What is a common approach to establish graphic continuity across two shots?
Maintaining the focal point of the composition
What are some general uses of flash-frames?
Mark a transition
Signal a flashback
What feature of these two shots from True Stories creates a graphic match? (Click on image to enlarge.)
The horizon line
How does Hitchcock increase excitement during the gas station scene in The Birds through editing?
Each shot becomes increasingly shorter.
Michelle is editing a film and choosing the shot that will follow a medium shot in which two women are walking together on a city sidewalk. Which shot would likely result in the least graphic contrast?
A medium close-up of two women crossing a street at a stop sign
What is the shortest length any one shot can be?
1 frame
What is it called when parts of different shots are digitally combined into a single shot?
Intra-frame editing
The main purpose of flash-frames is to provide ______.
one-off accents
Which of the following statements describe the Kuleshov effect?
Which of the following statements describe the Kuleshov effect?
How would a filmmaker use editing to slow down the rhythm of a scene?
Gradually lengthen the shots
What is the type of editing in which portions of a space are cut together to imply a spatial whole, without the use of an establishing shot?
Constructive editing
The primary way of establishing story chronology is by deciding the ______ of shots.
order
When a film presents a future event, then returns to the present, it has employed ______.
flashforward
A filmmaker who starts with a shot that establishes a spatial whole and follows with a shot of only part of this space is using ______ editing.
analytical
What technique is used to condense story time?
Elliptical editing
By NOT showing the whole space in this shot, these images reveal the use of ______. (Click on image to enlarge.)
constructive editing
When a filmmaker uses an establishing shot to show space, then follows with a closer shot of only part of the space, it is known as ______.
analytical editing
What effect can overlapping editing have?
It emphasizes a certain moment.
It prolongs the action.
Which presents one or more shots out of their presumed story order?
Flashbacks
What is the primary driving force behind continuity editing?
Narrative flow
What film uses a flashforward to show the outcome of a story event?
The Godfather
What element is used to define a semicircular area, where the camera can be placed to present the action?
Axis of action
Which are commonly used to adjust story time?
Cutting to an empty frame
Cutaway shots
What is the primary goal of the 180° system?
To represent space clearly
Which of the following statements describe the Kuleshov effect?
Cuts influence the way in which viewers interpret an actor’s expression.
Editing can imply a spatial whole, even when it is not shown onscreen.
What is often outlined in an establishing shot?
The axis of action
When the action from the end of one shot is partially repeated at the start of the next, it is known as ______ editing.
overlapping
What kind of shot shows the opposite end of the axis of action?
Reverse shot
Which is typical in continuity editing?
Long shots are left on the screen for more time than close-ups.
What is true when eyeline match is used?
One character is looking offscreen.
The looker and object are never onscreen simultaneously.
Which of the following are ensured by using the 180° system of spatial continuity?
Consistent relative position in the frame
Consistent screen direction
What is the common pattern of spatial film editing used in classical continuity style?
Establishment, breakdown, reestablishment
Which of the following results when using the 180°system?
Relative positions remain consistent.
What needs to be consistent to use match on action successfully?
Screen direction
Use of props
Axis of action
The primary purpose of the establishing shot is to delineate the ______.
overall space of the setting
What is being “cheated” in a cheat cut?
Mise-en-scene
On what does a shot/reverse-shot pattern depend?
180° line
What must a director firmly establish to alter screen direction and cross the axis of action without confusing the viewer?
The physical layout of the scene
What is demonstrated by these two images from Source Code?
Eyeline match
Which of the following statements about point-of-view cutting are correct?
It is a type of eyeline-match editing.
In analytical editing, how will a filmmaker remind the viewer of the overall space after using breakdown shots?
Introduce a reestablishing shot
What strategy is used to interweave story events in one place with story events in another place?
Crosscutting
What is the name of the technique in which a filmmaker continues a single movement across a cut?
Match on action
What helps keep a cheat cut from being too disorienting?
Strong narrative motivation
Relatively constant 180° relations
In contemporary films, a desire for a feeling of increased energy has resulted in the use of ______.
quick editing using short shots
What is a common way for filmmakers to move across the axis of action?
Include one shot on the line itself.
What is the most common violation of order in continuity editing?
Flashback
The most important aspect in a POV shot is that it ______. (Click on image to enlarge.)
lies on the axis of action
What is the primary purpose of crosscutting?
To create viewer omniscience
Which are traditionally used to indicate a brief time lapse in a temporal ellipsis?
Fade
Wipe
Dissolve
What needs to be consistent to use match on action successfully?
Axis of action
Use of props
Screen direction
What features are characteristic of a montage sequence?
A condensing of story time
Short cuts
What aspects of television had an important role in the development of contemporary continuity editing in film?
Increased camera movement
Preference for close-ups
These two shots from Ohayo illustrate ______.
graphic matching
In continuity editing, the order and frequency of shots are assembled in service of ______.
the narrative
What technique do filmmakers use to avoid the disorienting effects of a jump cut?
The 30° rule
Which indicate that the duration of a scene is continuous?
Match on action between shots
A diegetic sound overlapping cut
Nondiegetic inserts commonly function as ______.
metaphors
symbols
Which scenarios would be best served by the use of a montage sequence?
Highlights of a sports game
A martial arts student’s years of training
Which types of editing are considered alternatives to continuity editing?
Nondiegetic cut
Temporal dislocation
Jump cut
Which techniques are frequently used in nonnarrative films to join shots together?
Rhythmic editing
Graphic matching
What is a common trait of a jump cut?
The camera moves little if at all between the two shots.
When a filmmaker includes a shot that doesn’t belong to the time or place of the story, it is called a ______.
nondiegetic insert
What are reasons filmmakers use discontinuity editing?
To stir audience imagination
To emphasize emotional connections between shots
