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THE 107 > Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the literal meaning of cinematography?

A

Writing in movement

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2
Q

In cinematography, contrast describes the comparative difference between ______.

A

light and dark areas

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3
Q

In cinematography, exposure describes how much ______ passes through the camera lens.

A

light

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4
Q

Which describes a characteristic of a filter?

A

The reduction of certain frequencies of light that pass through the lens

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5
Q

The person who is responsible for making changes in an image’s tonality in postproduction is the ______.

A

colorist

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6
Q

Which are aspects of cinematography?

A

Perspective

Speed of motion

Control of tonalities

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7
Q

What is a characteristic of high-contrast images? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Whites that are pure and bright

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8
Q

Which affects the speed of motion in a film?

A

Rate at which the film was shot

Rate of projection

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9
Q

What technique is used in this image from Vidas Secas for expressive effect? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Overexposure

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10
Q

A filmmaker could use which of the following to achieve an accelerated pace of action?

A

Fast-motion effect

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11
Q

In early filmmaking, cinematographers would use blue filters in sunlight, a technique called ______. (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

day for night

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12
Q

Which of the following is an extremely important component in the creation of CGI characters, such as Gollum in The Lord of the Rings trilogy?

A

Motion-capture

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13
Q

What is the process called when developed film is dipped into a dye bath, resulting in lighter areas picking up the color of the dye? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Tinting

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14
Q

The use of slow-motion footage can help produce which of the following?

A

Lyrical rhythms

Dreamlike states

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15
Q

Filmmakers who use the ramping technique, must take into account ______.

A

exposure

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16
Q

What is the standard filming rate?

A

24 fps

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17
Q

What is required to produce time-lapse footage?

A

Very low shooting speed

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18
Q

When a film is exposed at fewer frames per second or slower than the projection rate, it results in the ______ effect.

A

fast-motion

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19
Q

Before digital filmmaking, what tool was used to control the speed of movement on the screen after filming?

A

The optical printer

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20
Q

In this image from The Lord of the Rings trilogy, which technique was used to highlight the character Galadriel? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Selective color grading

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21
Q

What tool is used to gather light from a scene and direct it onto film or a video chip?

A

A lens

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22
Q

A film shot at 48 fps but projected at 24 fps results in a ______ effect.

A

slow-motion

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23
Q

The distance from the center of a lens to the point at which light rays converge on the film is known as the ______ of the lens.

A

focal length

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24
Q

What is varying the frame rate while shooting called?

A

Ramping

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25
Q

What technique could be used to show an entire year in the life of a tree in only thirty seconds?

A

Time-lapse

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26
Q

What type of lens was used to capture this image from The Cranes are Flying? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Wide-angle

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27
Q

Which techniques can be used after filming to change the speed of movement seen on the screen?

A

Freezing the action

Stretch printing

Skipping frames

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28
Q

Which type of lens produces the least perspective distortion in the frame? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Medium

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29
Q

Which of the following is created by a lens?

A

Perspective image

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30
Q

Which type of lens would you most likely use to film action at a great distance, such as at a sports game?

A

Telephoto

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31
Q

Which of the following can be altered by changes in focal length?

A

The perceived depth in an image

The size of an object

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32
Q

Filmmakers who use the ramping technique, must take into account ______.

A

exposure

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33
Q

Which is true of zoom lenses?

A

They have a variable focal length.

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34
Q

Straight lines that bulge outwards at the edge of the frame is characteristic of ______ lenses.

A

wide-angle

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35
Q

In this image from Simple Men, the yellow railing at lower right is blurred and out of focus, indicating that it is NOT in the ______ of the lens. (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

depth of field

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36
Q

In high-end digital cinematography, what is a characteristic of images shot with a 50mm medium lens?

A

Horizontal parallel lines recede to distant vanishing points.

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37
Q

What is the primary goal of deep focus? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

To keep subjects in the foreground and background in focus

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38
Q

The lack of depth in the background behind the characters in this image from Life on a String indicates that this image was captured with a ______ lens. (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

long

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39
Q

What technique is commonly used to switch a viewer’s attention between foreground and background within a shot, as in these shots from Last Tango in Paris? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Racking focus

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40
Q

The distance from the center of a lens to the point at which light rays converge on the film is known as the ______ of the lens.

A

focal length

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41
Q

What is generally a component in the production of digital special effects?

A

A green screen

42
Q

In order to enlarge or reduce a portion of a shot while filming, a filmmaker will use a ______ lens.

A

zoom

43
Q

What type of special effect is shown in this image from Boom Town?

A

Rear projection

44
Q

The range of distance within which objects will be in focus, is known as the ______ of a lens.

A

depth of field

45
Q

What is the general special effect called that includes both matte work and rear projection?

A

Superimposition

46
Q

Which are necessary to achieve deep focus?

A

A lens with a short focal length and higher levels of lighting

47
Q

Which describes framing at its most basic level?

A

The way in which elements are visually presented in an image

48
Q

What does racking focus allow the filmmaker to do?

A

Alter the focus within a shot

49
Q

Which elements helped persuade commercial theaters to show recent 3D films?

A

Higher ticket prices

Digital projection systems

50
Q

What is the technique of laying images over one another, creating multiple perspectives within the frame? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Superimposition

51
Q
  1. 17:1
  2. 37:1
  3. 85:1
  4. 2:1
A

Early sound filmsEarly sound films

, Most mid-20th century filmsMost mid-20th century films
1.85:1

Contemporary North American filmsContemporary North American films

70mm widescreen films70mm widescreen films

52
Q

Showing footage on a screen and then filming actors in front of the screen is a technique known as ______.

A

rear projection

53
Q

What is the process used to create a widescreen image by squeezing the image horizontally? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

The anamorphic process

54
Q

What is a film scene called in which a background setting is photographed on film and later combined with another strip of film featuring the actors?

A

Matte work

55
Q

Which of the following is more difficult for widescreen framing than for framing using the 1.37 ratio?

A

Guiding viewer attention

56
Q

Which of the following is an aspect of framing?

A

The boundary of onscreen space

57
Q

What is a shape that is embedded over the normal film frame called? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

A mask

58
Q

The primary way in which virtual perspective, or stereoscopic imagery, is manipulated is through the use of a(n) ______.

A

convergence point

59
Q

What techniques does the following image from The Thomas Crown Affair illustrate? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Multiple-frame imagery

60
Q

What was the aspect ratio set by early filmmakers, such as Thomas Edison and Louis Lumière?

A

1.33:1

61
Q

What is the simplest way to create a widescreen image during filming? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Using a hard matte

62
Q

What are effects that the deliberate use of offscreen space can achieve?

A

Suspense

Engagement of viewer imagination

63
Q

What common choice for widescreen composition is illustrated by this image from Yeelen? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

The subject is placed in a position slightly off-center.

64
Q

In many Western films, the hero is often filmed from below, so he appears larger than life. Which of the following describes this type of shot?

A

Low angle

65
Q

Which of the following is a moving circular mask?

A

Iris

66
Q

When the frame is tipped off center or at an angle to the horizon, it is said to be ______.

A

canted

67
Q

Multiple-frame imagery allows viewers to ______.

A

watch different story actions simultaneously

68
Q

In order to use a low camera angle, the height of the camera must be ______ the subject.

A

below

69
Q

What is the comparative relationship of frame width to frame height called?

A

Aspect ratio

70
Q

What type of shot would you use to capture a landscape or vista? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Extreme long shot

71
Q

The separation between onscreen and offscreen space is determined by the ______.

A

frame

72
Q

True or false: Framing is a way to keep meaning consistent through the otherwise diverse nature of films.

A

False

73
Q

What camera angle is used in this shot from The Social Network? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Straight-on

74
Q

What do the camera positions in these two shots from Fury accomplish? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Establish a character’s point of view

75
Q

The disorienting effect in this image from Fallen Angel is due in great part to the ______ framing. (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

canted

76
Q

What is the primary effect of camera movement?

A

It gives viewers the feeling that they are also moving

77
Q

Which camera positions best describe this image from Family Plot? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

High height, high angle

78
Q

Which are types of camera movement?

A

Pan

Tilt

Dolly shot

Crane shot

79
Q

Which type of distance shot is used to frame the human body from the waist up? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Medium shot

80
Q

What type of shot is produced when using a dolly? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

Tracking

81
Q

The function of a particular filmmaker’s framing choice is based on ______.

A

the context within the film

82
Q

Which is a difference between a zoom-in shot and a forward-tracking shot?

A

In a zoom-in shot, the viewer’s vantage point remains the same.

83
Q

What is the consequence of using a long shot rather than a close-up of Mark Zuckerberg for this scene in The Social Network? (Click on image to enlarge.)

A

The long shot reduces audience sympathy for Zuckerberg.

84
Q

Which are suggested by handheld shots?

A

Subjective point of view

Anxiety

85
Q

What is the term for a filmmaker’s ability to change the camera angle, level, height, or distance during a shot?

A

Mobile framing

86
Q

Which type of camera movement would be typically be used to follow the minor movements of a character?

A

Pan

87
Q

What is the technique of mobile framing in which the camera turns on a vertical axis?

A

Panning

88
Q

What type of camera movement was popularized by the film A Hard Day’s Night?

A

Fast zoom-in and zoom-out

89
Q

What type of equipment is needed to produce a shot that starts low but rises high into the air?

A

A crane

90
Q

The film Grand Illusion contains scenes in which independent camera movements become motifs. Which of the following statements are true about the recurring camera-movement motif represented by these two images from the film?

A

The camera movement consists of pulling back from a close-up to show a larger context.

The camera movement links the characters with details of their environment.

91
Q

Which of the following techniques was used in Hitchcock’s Vertigo to produce a dizzying, disorienting effect?

A

Tracking out while zooming in

92
Q

A shot that shows the passage of several months of story time in one minute of screen time illustrates

A

condensed time.

93
Q

What is an important function of camera movement and frame mobility?

A

They act as a substitute for viewer movement.

94
Q

Birdman appears as one long, continuous take, a feat made possible by

A

digital software.

95
Q

Which of the following statements are true of the relationship between frame mobility and space?

A

Frame mobility can reveal previously offscreen objects.

Frame mobility helps to establish locale.

96
Q

Which statements accurately describe long takes?

A

A long take can be divided into smaller units by frame mobility.

A long take can develop its trajectory and shape.

A long take can have its own formal pattern.

97
Q

What temporal quality is greatly shaped by frame mobility?

A

Rhythm

98
Q

Specific camera movements that recur throughout a film, creating specific patterns, function as ______.

A

motifs

99
Q

When a shot is recording the actual duration of events, the filming is said to be in ______.

A

real time

100
Q

A long shot indicates ______, whereas a long take indicates ______.

A

distance; time

101
Q

Which of the following techniques can be used in making a single long take?

A

Tracking

Panning

Craning

Zooming

THE 107 (6 decks)

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