chapter 6 Flashcards
Wha tis phenomenological method
gaining knowledge of human experience through heavy dialogue with those who have experienced it
What do phenomenological studies usu include
data about the lived space, or spatiality the lived body, or corporeality lived time, or temporality lived human relations, or relationality
When is phenomenological methods use d
when studying a aspects of day-to-day existence
How wuold the structuring of a phenomenological method look for the research question, researchers perspective and sample selection
Question: always includes questions about human experience
Perspective: it is bracketed, meaning they reveal their own biases
Sample: purposefully selected
What types of data collection is used in phenomenolo
written or oral
What are the 7 general steps of analyzing phenomenolo studies
- Read the participants’ narratives to acquire a feeling for their ideas in order to understand them fully.
- Extract significant things that relate to the phenomenon.
- attach meaning to the significant statements.
- Repeat this process and ID themes. Validate these themes by returning to the informants to check interpretation.
- Relate the themes to the phenomenon
- break the themes done into essential parts to offers an explanation of the behavior.
- cross-check interpretation by doing more interviews to validate findings
What is grounded theory method
an inductive approach using systematic procedures to create a theory about basic social processes
When is grounded theory used
when no theory exists or when a theory fails to explain something
when interested in a social process
What is a main goal of grounded theory
to dev theories that can be used accross multiple disciplines
What does the structure of research Q, researcher perspective, and sampling look like for grounded theory
Question: questions that address social processes that affect human behavior
Perspective: ID’s and removes biases
the researcher enters the study with some knowledge of the literature but no too much, that way the theories that come from the study are “grounded” in the data from the study exiting studies
Sampling: purposefully selected
How is data collection structured in grounded theory
observation recorded as field notes and interviews
How is data analysis done in grounded theory
uses a process called theoretical sampling
What is theoretical sampling
a process where data collection and analysis are done simultaneously, where specific experiences are selected and analyzed to test hunches
What is the first step in theorectical sampling
called open coding, data is broken into parts then compared for similarities and diffs
What is the ethnographic method
focuses of scientific description and interpretation of cultural or social systems, with the goal of understanding the participants view of the worl
What is the emic view
the insiders view
What is the etic view
outsiders view
How does the structure of enthnography for research Q, researcher perspective and sampling look like
Question: questions are about “lifeways”
perspective: they are interpreters trying to make sense of the alien world from the emic viewpoint
they also divulge their biases
Sampling: gather info from key informants and general informants
What are key informants
people with special knowledge status or comm skills that are willing to teach you
How is data gathered from ethnography
immersion in the study setting and interview and observation
What is an example of data that can be gathered in ethnography
photos or films
How is data analysis done in ethnography
analysis and collection are done at same time
starts with a search for domains/symbolic categories that include smaller categories
In ethnography, what is language analyzed for
semantic relationships
How are the findings described in ehtnography
the scene, parameters of the research group and characteristics of the group
these findings are enhance by using maps, documents or floor plans of the setting
What is the case study method used for
analyzing the specific cases for commonalities or peculiarities but doesnt use data collection/analysis of eploratory questions
What is an intrinsic case study
used to get a deeper understanding of a case
What is instrumental case study
used to gain insight or challenge a generalization
What is a common emphasis of case study
holism
How are the research Q’s, researcher perspectives and smapling done in case studyt
Questions: made to serve as a foundation to uncover complexity and pursue understanding, they’re structured to be generate more questions as they are answered
Perspective: biases removed
starts as an etic view but ideally quickly turns into an emic view
Sampling: the style ranges from selecting the most common case studies to selecting the most unique
How is data gathered in case study
interviews, field observations and document reviews
How are data analyzed and described in case study
reflecting and revising meanings
they are usu reported in chonologic, the story of coming to know the case, one by one case dimensions
How do case studies relate to practice
they provide EB discussions of clinical topics for practice
What is community based participitory research
systematically accesses the voice of a community to plan context appropriate actions
treats participants as equals in all phases is important for implementing change
LoBiondo-Wood, Geri. Nursing Research - E-Book (p. 104). Elsevier Health Sciences. Kindle Edition.
What is the end product of CBPR
change or action
What is a qual meta summary
used to find frequencies in evidence and to further abstract findings
they act as a sum of parts analysis
What is a qual meta synthesis
they provide novel interpretations of the findings
What is the criteria used for qual research scientific rigor
credibility
aduitability
fittingness
What is the criteria for appraising qual research for clinical application
- Is it about humanexperience within a natural setting?
- Is it relevant to nursing?
- is there a distinct process to be studied?
- Does the question identify the context (participant group/place)
- Does the choice of a specific qualitative method fit with the research question?
- Are the biases of the researcher reported?
- is there a structure for the ideas that reflect their beliefs?
- Are data gathering sources and methods specified?
- has participant consent been acquired
- Does the researcher paint a clear picture of the participant’s reality?
- Does the researcher’s interpretation captured the participant’s meaning?
- Have other professionals confirmed the researcher’s interpretation?
- is the research process easy to follow
