Chapter 6

Question 1

the cut

Answer 1

instantaneous change from one shot to another

Question 2

fade out

Answer 2

end of shot gradually darkens to black

Question 3

fade in

Answer 3

shot gradually lightens from black

Question 4

dissolve

Answer 4

briefly superimposes end of shot A with beginning of shot B

Question 5

Wipe

Answer 5

Shot B replaces shot A by means of boundary line moving across screen

Question 6

What are the 4 areas of control of an editor

Answer 6

1. graphic relations between shot A and B
2. Rhythmic relations between shot A and B.
3. Spatial relations between shot A and B.
4. Temporal relations between shot A and B.

Question 7

what are graphic relations

Answer 7

Patterns of light and dark/line and shape/volumes and depths/movement and stasis between shots.

Question 8

graphic match

Answer 8

Two successive shots joined so as to create a strong similarity of compositional elements

Question 9

what are rythmic relations

Answer 9

the patterning of shot lengths

Question 10

flash-frames

Answer 10

a frame that is totally blank between two shots

Question 11

what are spatial relations

Answer 11

linking shots through spatial orientation

Question 12

intra-frame editing

Answer 12

blending of different shots into a single frame to manipulate space

Question 13

Kuleshov effect

Answer 13

the way the same shot can have different value when the shots next to it change the context.

Question 14

constructive editing (kuleshov effect)

Answer 14

cutting together portions of a space in a way that makes viewer assume a spatial whole that isn’t explicitly presented.

Question 15

analytical editing

Answer 15

breaks establishing shot into closer views

Question 16

Temporal relations

Answer 16

editing contributing to plot’s manipulation of story time

Question 17

Which three areas of temporal control do editors have?

Answer 17

1. order of events
2. duration of events
3. frequency of events

Question 18

flash forward

Answer 18

editing goes from present to future event and back to present.

Question 19

elliptical editing

Answer 19

presents action to consume less screen time than it does in story

Question 20

what are the 3 ways editors use ellipsis in editing

Answer 20

• show beginning and end of event.
• show beginning and end of event with empty frames as transitions
• use a cutaway of another event elsewhere to fill time of first event’s middle portion

Question 21

overlapping editing

Answer 21

action from end of one shot is partly repeated at beginning of next

Question 22

continuity editing

Answer 22

aims to transmit narrative information smoothly and clearly over a series of shots

Question 23

the 180 degree system

Answer 23

a half-circle area where camera can be placed to present the action

Question 24

axis of action

Answer 24

the imaginary line that passes through the main actors or the principal movement.

Question 25

why is the 180 degree system important

Answer 25

• relative positions in the frame remain consistent
• ensures consisten eyelines
• ensures consistent screen direction

Question 26

establishing shot

Answer 26

tells audience where the scene will occur, establishes setting and space

Question 27

match on action

Answer 27

carrying a single movement across a cut

Question 28

cheat cut

Answer 28

cut that presents continuous time from shot to shot but that mismatches the positions of figures or objects.

Question 29

crosscutting

Answer 29

plot alternates shots of story events in one place with shots of another event elsewhere

Question 30

temporal continuity

Answer 30

a scene occupying 5 min in the story occupies 5 min on the screen

Question 31

criteria of temporal continuity

Answer 31

• narrative progression has no gaps
• sound issuing from story space
• match on action

Question 32

ellipsis

Answer 32

something that has been omitted

Question 33

montage sequence

Answer 33

compress lengthy series of action into a few moments

Question 34

jump cut

Answer 34

cut together two shots of the same object, but the angle and composition differs

Question 35

how can jump cuts be avoided

Answer 35

shifting camera 30 degrees from shot to shot

Question 36

nondiegetic insert

Answer 36

scene which is outside of story world