Chapter 6 Flashcards
1
Q
1) Which of following is a function of the skeletal system? A) body support B) calcium homeostasis C) protection of internal organs D) blood cell production E) All of the answers are correct.
A
E) All of the answers are correct
2
Q
2) Which of the following are not components of the skeletal system? A) tendons B) bones C) ligaments D) cartilage E) other tissues that connect bones
A
A) tendons
3
Q
3) Which of the following bones is classified as "irregular" in shape? A) patella B) frontal C) vertebra D) metatarsal E) ulna
A
C) vertebra
4
Q
4) The proximal and distal ends of a long bone are called the A) epiphyses. B) diaphyses. C) epiphyseal plates. D) metaphyses. E) periphyses.
A
A) epiphyses.
5
Q
5) The carpal bones are examples of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bones. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid
A
B) short
6
Q
6) A rib is an example of a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone. A) long B) short C) flat D) sutural E) sesamoid
A
C) flat
7
Q
7) The patella is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) sagittal E) flat
A
B) sesamoid
8
Q
8) Small bones that fill gaps between bones of the skull are called \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bones. A) irregular B) sesamoid C) sutural D) sagittal E) tendon
A
C) sutural
9
Q
9) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bones develop inside tendons, commonly near the knees, hands, and feet. A) Irregular B) Sesamoid C) Short D) Long E) Flat
A
B) Sesamoid
10
Q
10) The humerus is an example of a(n) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ bone. A) long B) short C) flat D) irregular E) sesamoid
A
A) long
11
Q
11) A large proximal projection on a bone is called the A) ramus. B) trochanter. C) tuberosity. D) tubercle. E) condyle
A
B) trochanter
12
Q
12) A hole through a bone is called a A) ramus. B) foramen. C) linea. D) tubercle. E) facet.
A
B) foramen
13
Q
13) The smooth, rounded articular process of a bone is termed a A) crest. B) ridge. C) head. D) condyle. E) trochlea.
A
D) condyle
14
Q
14) A shallow depression on a bone is termed a A) fossa. B) sulcus. C) facet. D) fissure. E) line.
A
A) fossa
15
Q
15) The region of a long bone between the end and the shaft is known as the A) diaphysis. B) epiphysis. C) osseophysis. D) metaphysis. E) medullary cavity
A
D) metaphysis
16
Q
16) Which of the following labels best matches osteocyte? A) stem cell B) dissolves matrix C) mature bone cell D) secretes organic matrix E) immature bone cell
A
C) mature bone cell
17
Q
17) Bone is composed of \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ percent cells. A) 25 B) 10 C) 2 D) 15 E) 50
A
C) 2
18
Q
18) Cells that secrete the organic components of the bone matrix are called A) osteocytes. B) osteoprogenitor cells. C) osteoblasts. D) osteoclasts. E) osteoid cells.
A
C) osteoblasts
19
Q
19) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ are squamous stem cells that develop into osteoblasts. A) Osteoclasts B) Osteocytes C) Osteomedullary cells D) Osteoprogenitor cells E) Osteoid cells
A
D) Osteoprogenitor cells
20
Q
20) Through the action of osteoclasts, A) new bone is formed. B) an organic framework is formed. C) bony matrix is dissolved. D) osteoid is calcified. E) fractured bones regenerate
A
C) bony matrix is dissolved
21
Q
21) The space occupied by an osteocyte is called A) Volkmann's canal. B) a lacuna. C) a trabecula. D) a Haversian canal. E) a canaliculus.
A
B) a lacuna
22
Q
22) Which of the following chemicals is not present in bone? A) calcium phosphate B) collagen fibers C) calcium carbonate D) chondroitin sulfate E) hydroxyapatite
A
D) chondroitin sulfate
23
Q
23) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ account(s) for almost two-thirds of the weight of bone. A) Water B) Calcium carbonate C) Collagen fibers D) Fluoride E) Calcium phosphate
A
E) Calcium phosphate
24
Q
24) \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ cells are located in the inner cellular layer of the periosteum. A) Osteocyte B) Osteoclast C) Osteoid D) Osteoprogenitor E) Osteolytic
A
D) Osteoprogenitor
25
```
25) The ________ interactions allow bone to be strong, somewhat flexible, and highly resistant to shattering.
A) collagen-fiber
B) protein-crystal
C) mineral-crystal
D) protein-protein
E) hydroxyapatite-crystal
```
B) protein-crystal
26
```
26) The most abundant cell type in bone is
A) osteoclasts.
B) osteoblasts.
C) osteolytes.
D) osteoprogenitor cells.
E) osteocytes.
```
E) osteocytes
27
```
27) The lacunae of osseous tissue contain
A) blood cells.
B) osteocytes.
C) chondroblasts.
D) bone marrow.
E) capillaries.
```
B) osteocytes
28
```
28) How would removing hydroxyapatite from bone matrix affect the physical properties of a bone?
A) The bone would be less flexible.
B) The bone would be stronger.
C) The bone would be more brittle.
D) The bone would be more flexible.
E) The bone would be less compressible
```
D) The bone would be more flexible
29
```
29) The narrow passageways that contain cytoplasmic extensions of osteocytes are called
A) central canals.
B) lacunae.
C) canaliculi.
D) medullary cavities.
E) foramina.
```
C) canaliculi
30
```
30) The central canal of an osteon contains
A) bone marrow.
B) osteocytes.
C) concentric lamellae.
D) blood vessels.
E) lacunae.
```
D) blood vessels
31
```
31) The interconnecting tiny arches of bone tissue found in spongy bone are called
A) osteons.
B) trabeculae.
C) concentric lamellae.
D) interstitial lamellae.
E) lacunae.
```
B
32
```
32) The type of bone that is adapted to withstand stresses that arrive from many directions is ________ bone.
A) spongy
B) osteon
C) compact
D) lamellar
E) irregular
```
spongy
33
```
33) The structural units of mature compact bone are called
A) trabeculae.
B) osteocytes.
C) osteons.
D) canaliculi.
E) lamellae
```
c. osteons
34
```
34) Adipose tissue is stored within the
A) medullary cavity.
B) metaphysis.
C) spongy bone.
D) epiphysis.
E) diaphysis
```
medullary cavity
35
35) Which of the following is a characteristic of bone?
A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts.
B) The matrix of the bone contains osteoclasts and chondroblasts.
C) Narrow channels pass through the matrix to allow for muscle attachment.
D) The matrix of bone is mostly collagen with very little calcium.
E) For strength, compact bone is organized into a meshwork of matrix called trabeculae
A) The bone matrix is very dense and contains deposits of calcium salts.
36
```
36) In relationship to the diaphysis of a long bone, the osteons are
A) radial.
B) anterior.
C) parallel.
D) proximal.
E) diagonal
```
parallel
37
```
37) The femur can withstand ________ times the body's weight without breaking.
A) 3
B) 5 to 10
C) 8
D) 10 to 15
E) 30
```
10 to 15
38
```
38) ________ marrow is found between the trabeculae of spongy bone.
A) Blue
B) Yellow
C) White
D) Gray
E) Red
```
Red
39
```
39) The lining of the medullary cavity is called the
A) endosteum.
B) periosteum.
C) epiosteum.
D) mediosteum.
E) paraosteum
```
endosteum
40
```
40) ________ bone reduces the weight of the skeleton and reduces the load on muscles.
A) Short
B) Irregular
C) Spongy
D) Compact
E) Long
```
spongy
41
```
41) The layers of bone tissue immediately deep to the periosteum are
A) circumferential lamellae.
B) osteoid plates.
C) trabeculae.
D) concentric lamellae.
E) epiphseal ridges
```
circumferential lamellae
42
42) Which statement is true regarding calcium in bone matrix?
A) Calcium is found in crystals called hydroxyapatite.
B) Calcium is secreted by osteoblasts into the matrix.
C) Once deposited, calcium cannot be removed from bone.
D) Calcium provides flexibility to the bone matrix.
E) Calcium is the organic part of the matrix.
A
43
43) The trabeculae of spongy bone
A) are organized parallel to the long axis of the bone.
B) are organized along stress lines.
C) are composed mostly of cartilage.
D) will collapse under stress.
E) are concentrated in the cortex of the diaphysis.
B
44
```
49) The articular cartilage of a typical long bone is composed of what type of cartilage?
A) elastic cartilage
B) synovial cartilage
C) hyaline cartilage
D) fibrocartilage
E) osseous cartilage
```
C
45
```
50) The deposition of calcium salts in bone tissues is referred to as
A) hardening.
B) ossification.
C) calcification.
D) osteogenesis.
E) remodeling.
```
Calcification
46
51) Which of the following is formed by intramembranous ossification?
A) roof of the skull
B) carpal bones
C) femur
D) clavicle
E) the roof of the skull and the clavicle
E
47
```
52) Endochondral ossification begins with the formation of a(n)
A) fibrous connective-tissue model.
B) cartilage model.
C) membranous model.
D) calcified model.
E) osteoid model.
```
Cartilage model
48
53) The following are important steps in the process of endochondral ossification. What is the correct order for these events?
Enlarged chondrocytes die.
Osteoblasts replace calcified cartilage with spongy bone.
Chondrocytes enlarge and the surrounding matrix begins to calcify.
Blood vessels grow around the edges of the cartilage.
Perichondrial cells become osteoblasts and produce a superficial layer of bone.
A) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2
B) 1, 3, 5, 4, 2
C) 1, 5, 3, 4, 2
D) 2, 3, 1, 5, 4
E) 3, 1, 4, 5, 2
E
49
```
54) Secondary ossification centers occur
A) in the diaphysis.
B) at the periosteum.
C) in the epiphyses.
D) in the metaphyses.
E) in dermal bones
```
c
50
```
55) Intramembranous ossification begins with differentiation of ________ cells.
A) osteoclast
B) osteolytic
C) mesenchymal
D) osteoblast
E) osteocyte
```
mesenchymal
51
56) Which of the following statements about Marfan's syndrome is false?
A) It results in short, stubby fingers.
B) It results from a mutation.
C) It affects connective tissue structures.
D) It affects epiphyseal cartilages.
E) It may also cause cardiovascular problems
A
52
57) Bone growth in length occurs by mitosis of
A) concentric lamellae.
B) cartilage cells in the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis.
C) growth of trabeculae.
D) osteoblasts in the endosteum.
E) cartilage cells in the diaphyseal side of the metaphysis
B) cartilage cells in the epiphyseal side of the metaphysis.
53
58) Intramembranous ossification
A) produces flat bones, as in the bones of the roof of the skull.
B) explains how a juvenile's bone can grow in length.
C) occurs in the diaphysis of a long bone.
D) occurs inside a bag of cartilage.
E) occurs in all bones before birth
A
54
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59) Primary ossification centers develop in long bones in the
A) proximal epiphysis.
B) periosteum.
C) metaphysis.
D) distal epiphysis.
E) diaphysis.
```
E
55
```
60) Bone tissue formation begins when osteoblasts secrete
A) protein fibers.
B) mesenchyme.
C) silica.
D) hydroxyapatite.
E) calcium.
```
A
56
61) Suppose that epiphyseal lines appear in a 10-year-old's long bones. Which of the following statements is, therefore, true?
A) The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.
B) Administration of growth hormone will stimulate future bone growth in length.
C) Osteoclasts will dissolve the metaphysis so length growth can continue until adulthood.
D) More growth will occur during the teenage years as sex hormones stimulate rebuilding of growth plates.
E) Intramembranous ossification will enable further growth in length.
A) The epiphyseal plates have ossified and further growth in length is not possible.
57
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62) During appositional growth
A) bones grow longer.
B) bones grow wider.
C) cartilage replaces bone.
D) the epiphysis fuses with the diaphysis.
E) compact bone replaces spongy bone
```
B
58
63) When the epiphyseal plate is replaced by bone,
A) puberty begins.
B) interstitial bone growth begins.
C) appositional bone growth begins.
D) long bones have reached their adult length.
E) the bone becomes more brittle.
D
