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Chemistry 312 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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1
Q

Spectophotometry

A

measures chemical concentration using light(electromagnetic radiation)

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2
Q

Four frequency decoding devices

A

prisms, diffraction gratings, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometer

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3
Q

Diffraction gratings

A

uses diffraction and interference to separate light into different wavelengths. more lines/mm = greater separation

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4
Q

Prisms

A

separate light into its wavelengths due to a difference in refractive index

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5
Q

Coherent radiation

A

Diffraction of electromagnetic energy through two slits, must be coherent such that waves of the same frequency and phase relationship to create the band pattern imaged below

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6
Q

Super position Principal

A

constructive and destructive interference of electromagnetic waves that occupy the same domain

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7
Q

Refractive index of a medium

A

Determines how much EMR will bend when it passes from a substance of one density to a substance f another

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8
Q

Dispersion

A

When refractive endex changes with changes in wavelength or frequency

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9
Q

Normal dispersion of a substance

A

Gradual change in refractive index as the frequency changes

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10
Q

Anomalous dispersion

A

As frequency changes, there is a sharp change in refractive index. This is the frequency at which the analyte will absorb

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11
Q

Work function of a substance

A

A CONSTANT SPECIFIC TO EACH METAL MATERIAL COATING A PHOTOTUBE THAT SPECIFIES THE MINIMUM ENERGY OF THE BINDING ELECTRON

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12
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

EMR acts as both a particle(photon) and a wave

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13
Q

ground state of a molecule

A

All electrons in predicted energy levels. Lowest energy state.

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14
Q

electronic excitation

A

moving an electron from its ground state to a higher energy

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15
Q

fluorescence

A

Photon in photon out. Light that is re-emitted will be the same (resonance fluorescence=atoms), or lower in energy (non-resonance fluorescence).

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16
Q

Phosphorescence

A

When an excited molecule relaxes into a triplet state. Much longer lifespan than fluorescence.

17
Q

Transmittance

A

The portion EMR that is not absorbed, because not at the correct wavelength to meet the harmonics of the molecule.

18
Q

Absorptivity

A

The ability of a molecule to absorb light at a particular wavelength

19
Q

Absorbance

A

The amount of light absorbed by a sample.

20
Q

Vibrational relaxation

A

A electron moves from a higher vibrational state back to its ground state. This happens before electronic relaxation.

21
Q

Stokes and anti-stokes

A

In the contextof Raman scattering: a photon hits a particle, and is scattered.

Stokes: the photon that is scattered has a lower energy

Anti-stokes: the photon scattered has higher energy

22
Q

Coherent Radiation

A

Phases of two or more waves representing the radiation differ by a known constant. Ex: laser radiation

23
Q

Superposition principal

A

waves of radiation can overlap. Think constructive/destructive interference

24
Q

Refractive index

A

The speed light travels through a medium compared to the speed of light in a vacuum.

n=c/v

n=refractive index
c=speed of light in a vacuum
v=velocity of radiation in the medium

25
Q

Normal dispersion

A

ratio of refractive index (n) to the wavelength of light (lambda)

26
Q

Anomalous dispersion

A

Incident radiation matches the natural harmonics of a molecule. Therefore absorbance occurs.

27
Q

work function

A

minimum energy needed to remove an electron t=from the surface of a substance.

28
Q

Photoelectric effect

A

photon in. Electron out.

29
Q

Ground state

A

lowest energy level

30
Q

electronic excitation

A

Electron excited to a higher energy state

31
Q

Fluorescence

A
  • excited.
  • loss of vibrational energy. (non-radiative decay meaning no light lost)
  • emits lights back to ground state.
32
Q

phosphorescence

A
  • excited
  • decay with a spin flip(therefore takes much longer than fluorescence)
  • light emitted. back to ground state
33
Q

stokes shift

A

emitting photon is less than the absorbed photon.

34
Q
A

Chemistry 312 (6 decks)

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