Chapter 6/7 Review [Acids and Bases] - Science

Question 1

Chemical Reaction

Answer 1

A process in which substances interact, causing the formation of new substances with new properties

Question 1

Word Equation

Answer 1

A way of describing a chemical reaction using the names of the reactants and products

Question 2

Chemical Equation

Answer 2

A way of describing a chemical reaction using the chemical formulas of the reactants and products

Question 3

Reactants

Answer 3

Substances that are used up during the reaction [left of the arrow]

Question 4

Products

Answer 4

Substances that are produced during the reaction [right of the arrow]

Question 5

Symbols in the Equations

Answer 5

Arrow: Shows direction chemical reaction is going
+: Placed between multiple reactants and products

Question 6

Law of Conservation of Mass

Answer 6

1. In any given chemical reaction, the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of the products
2. Matter is neither created or destroyed
3. The products of a chemical reaction have the same mass as the reactants

Question 7

How to solve missing mass

Answer 7

1. Write out the word/chemical equation
2. Place all the known masses under the reactants and product and place an “x” under the missing mass
3. Solve for missing mass
4. Write a summary statement

Question 8

How to balance a Chemical Equation

Answer 8

1. Write word the word equation
2. Write the skeleton equation
3. Count the atoms of each element on each side of the arrow
4. Multiply the formulas by an appropriate coefficient until all atoms are balance

Question 9

Skeleton Equation

Answer 9

Original/unbalanced equation

Question 10

Synthesis Reaction

Answer 10

X + Y → XY
Combine atoms and/or compounds into larger compounds
2 or more reactants, only 1 product

Question 11

Decomposition Reaction

Answer 11

XY → X + Y
Opposite of Synthesis: Compounds breakdown into elements or smaller compounds

Question 12

Single Displacement

Answer 12

Metal: X + YZ → Y + XZ
Non Metal: A2 + YB → B2 + YA
One element displaces/replaces another in a compound
1) A metal [cation] can displace another metal [cation] or hydrogen
2) A nonmetal [anion] displaces another nonmetal [anion]

Question 13

Double Displacement

Answer 13

WX + YZ → WZ + YX
Elements [or polyatomic ions] in different compounds “displace” each other by changing places

Question 14

Combustion

Answer 14

C3H8 + 5O2 → 3CO2 + 4H2O + Energy
The rapid reaction of a substance with oxygen to produce compounds called oxides. Energy is also produced

Question 15

Corrosion

Answer 15

The breakdown of a metal as a result of chemical reactions with its environment

Question 16

Rusting

Answer 16

Occurs when a metal, containing Iron is exposed to air, water, electrolytes, acidity or mechanical stress leading to corrosion

Question 17

Property of Acids

Answer 17

Conductors
Reacts with Mg
Reacts with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
Bromothymol Blue Indicator - Yellow
Red Litmus Paper - Red
Blue Litmus Paper - Blue

Question 18

Property of Bases

Answer 18

Conductors
No reaction with Mg
No reaction with Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate
Bromothymol Blue Indicator - Blue
Red Litmus Paper - Blue
Blue Litmus Paper - Red

Question 19

Binary Acids

Answer 19

Hydrogen + Non-Metal

Question 20

Oxyacids

Answer 20

Hydrogen + Polyatomic Ions

Question 21

Chemical Formula of Bases

Answer 21

Hydroxide + Carbonate Ions

Question 22

Difference between Liquid and Aqueous

Answer 22

Liquid is a state of matter whereas Aqueous is a solution [dissolved in water]

Question 23

What is pH

Answer 23

A measure of how acidic or basic a solution is

Question 24

What is the pH scale

Answer 24

A numerical scale ranging from zero to fourteen that is used to compare the acidity of solutions

Question 25

pH levels [acid, base, neutral]

Answer 25

Less than 7 - Acidic
Greater than 7 - Basic
7 - Neutral

Question 26

What determines the pH level of soil

Answer 26

• Types of rocks in the area
• The kinds of plants growing
• The materials people have added [intentional or not]

Question 27

What pH do legumes grow best in

Answer 27

Slightly basic soil [5-6]

Question 28

What pH does corn grow best in

Answer 28

Mildly acidic soil [Below 5]

Question 29

How to increase/decrease soil pH

Answer 29

Decrease: Compost or Aluminum Sulfate
Increase: Calcium Oxide

Question 30

What metals is some Canadian soil intoxicated with

Answer 30

Cadmium and Lead

Question 31

Acid Leaching

Answer 31

Removes heavy metals by adding an acid solution and ‘catching’ the solution that drains through [Invasive and expensive]

Question 32

Phytoremediation

Answer 32

[Some plants can absorb metals from the soil as they grow] Harvesting plants that have absorbed the metals and burning them, then recycling the metals from the ashes

Question 33

pH of skincare

Answer 33

Close to neutral

Question 34

Cleaning products and pH

Answer 34

Acidic making them very corrosive, damaging to eyes and skin but helpful when it comes to cleaning
- They’re labeled with symbols to indict their potential danger

Question 35

What should the pH of a swimming pool be

Answer 35

7.2 - 7.8
Below 7 irritates eyes
Above 8 irritates eyes, makes cloudy water and chlorine becomes less effective

Question 36

How to adjust pool pH

Answer 36

pH is too high - hydrochloric [muriatic] acid
pH is too low - Sodium carbonate

Question 36

What is a neutralization reaction

Answer 36

A double displacement reaction in which an acid and base react to form an ionic compound [salt] and water

Question 37

What is an Acid

Answer 37

pH less than 7 and produces hydrogen atoms in a solution

Question 38

What is a Base

Answer 38

pH greater than 7 and produces hydroxide ions in a solution