AP History - WW1

Question 1

Causes of WW1

Answer 1

Militarism, Alliances, Imperialism, Nationalism and Assassination

Question 2

What is Miliatrism

Answer 2

The building and maintaining of a strong military force; during the war countries spent a large amount of money on military equipment leading to greater advancements in technology.

Question 3

What were the Alliances

Answer 3

Triple Alliance; Germany, Austria-Hungary and Italy
Triple Entente; France, Russia, Britain
(Later the USA and when Italy joined they joined with the Triple Entente)
Created to make a balance of power

Question 4

What is Nationalism

Answer 4

A set of beliefs the promote the collective interests and cultural identity of a nation
Love of Country; Hatred of Others

Question 5

What is Imperialism

Answer 5

The policy of extending the power of one country over other countries by acquiring territory or establishing economic and political control
(Britain owned 25% of the world)

Question 6

What was the Assassination

Answer 6

Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated along with his wife by Gavrilo Princip who was part of a nationalist society in Serbia. Franz Ferdinand was the heir to the throne in Austria-Hungary

Question 7

The Black Hand

Answer 7

A secret Serbian society of the 20th century that used terrorist methods to promote the liberation of Serbs outside of Serbia from Hapsburg or Ottoman rule. (They played a major role in the assassination)

Question 8

The Schefflien Plan

Answer 8

Germany knew that war with Russia was likely meaning that France would be involved as France is an ally of Russia. Germany planned to defeat France quickly, force them to surrender before Russia could mobilize and then fight Russia. Alfred Von Schefflien was the mastermind to this plan in 1905.

Question 9

Schefflien Assumptions

Answer 9

1. Russia would take at least 6 weeks to mobilize.
2. France would be easily defeated in 6 weeks.
3. Belgium would not resist any German attack.
4. Britain would remain neutral.

Question 10

Schefflien Reality

Answer 10

1. Russia mobilized in 10 days forcing Germany to leave the Eastern Front
2. Germany was unable to attack Paris but met France at the Battle of Marne and were held back
3. Belgium resisted Germany and were supported by the BEF (British Expeditionary Forces)

Question 11

Who was Sir Sam Hughes

Answer 11

Canada’s Minister of Militia from 1911 until he was dismissed in 1916, he was disliked by Catholics (French Canadians) but was sucessful in obtaining a large amount of voluntary registrations. He got the Canadian troops ready in 3 weeks. Hughes exceeded his ministerial authority when he created a sub-militia council in England without council approval
Robert Borden then created the Ministry of Overseas Forces with Sir George Halsey Perley as Minister (limiting Sam Hughes role)
Hughes tried to rebel and became quite insulting forcing Borden to ask for his resignation

Question 12

Sam Hughes Failures

Answer 12

Sam Hughes wanted to use only Canadian-made equipment but didn’t always opt for the best option. His worst mistake was the Ross Rifle which jammed during rapid fire. Soldiers were complaining about the Ross Rifle (they would try to find a British Lee-Enfield rifle) so Sam Hughes formed a committee to decide if the Ross Rifle should be discontinued but placed Charles Ross as the head of the committee

Question 13

What were Enemy Aliens

Answer 13

Enemy Aliens were people who immigrated from Enemy countries during the war. Canadians were suspicious of them

Question 14

What was the War Measures Act

Answer 14

The War Measures Act took away freedoms and arrest or detain “enemy aliens”. They would place around 8,500 “enemy aliens” in internment camps across Canada or forced them to register as “enemy aliens”

Question 15

What were Interment Camps

Answer 15

Ukrainians, Poles, Hungarians, Germans, Croats, Serbs, Slovaks, Turks, and Bulgarians were all placed in internment camps far away from their families for acting suspiciously or found in a state of hiding. In Interment camps, they were forced to work in farms or factories

Question 16

What were the roles of Women during the wartime

Answer 16

Women were allowed to work in factories, farms or as an army nurse during the war to replace the men but were laid off once the war concluded. Many women were guilted into sending their male relatives to war

Question 17

Conscription

Answer 17

When the war progressed, men became less enthusiastic about joining, so President Borden called for a “rigged” election to approve conscription, forcing men to join the war. Out of the 400,000 men that were conscripted 385,000 asked for exemption. 100,000 men were conscripted, 50,000 made it overseas and 25,000 made it to the frontlines

Question 18

The Military Service Act

Answer 18

All men from the ages of 16 to 45 were subject to conscription for military service for the end of WW1

Question 19

Propaganda

Answer 19

the spreading of ideas, information, or rumor for the purpose of helping or injuring an institution, a cause, or a person

Question 20

Victory Bonds

Answer 20

Canadians bought victory bonds to support the war and when the war was over they would get that money back plus interest

Question 21

Which two new taxes were introduced

Answer 21

Business Profits Tax (Corporate Tax) and Income Tax. Both still exist today

Question 22

War Profiteering

Answer 22

the act or activity of making an unreasonable profit on the sale of essential goods especially during times of emergency

Question 23

Aborginal People During The War

Answer 23

Aboriginal people were exempt from conscription but still had to register although the registration cards said British by choice or Birth so many aboriginal people refused to register

Question 24

Trenches

Answer 24

Holes were dug into the ground during the war where soldiers lived. They became very complicated and were dug in a zig-zag pattern to contain any shrapnel from shells.

Question 25

Pests in the Trenches

Answer 25

Rats - came into the trenches to eat the soldiers’ food and the remains of the fallen soldiers, they would spread diseases such as trench fever. Soldiers would try to shoot and beat the rats
Lice - Many soldiers would have to shave their heads and beards. They would run a candle along the seams of their clothing to pop the lice eggs

Question 26

Trench life

Answer 26

Men had to keep their feet wet otherwise they could get trench foot which would likely lead to amputation. They would sleep on the ground or in divots dug into the walls. They had no privacy

Question 27

Sections of the Trenches

Answer 27

The first line of the trench is where the fighting happened, it was protected by barbed wire.
The second line was the reserve/support trench this was a resting place but should the first line be taken over it would become the frontline

Question 28

No Man’s Land

Answer 28

The land in between the two trenches where the fighting occurred. it was very muddy and covered in remains and shell holes. Men would run across No Man’s Land to attack the enemy

Question 29

Billy Bishop

Answer 29

He was Canada’s greatest flying hero and the greatest ace in the British Empire. He had a total of 72 recorded kills 17 of which were in his first month he earned the Victoria Cross for his bravery. After the war he flew in airshows, gave lectures and dabbled in business

Question 30

The Battle of Sommes

Answer 30

General Douglas Haig - The British Commander - believed that the Allied forces were able to break through the German lines on the Somme River. By doing this, they would be drawing the German troops away from the deadly bombardment of the French near Verdun. As they travelled across no-mans land they realized that the Germans barbed wire was still intact and they were ready with machine guns which prevented the British and Canadian Troops from getting near the trenches
Newfoundland, not yet part of the Canadian Army, attacked at Beaumont-Hamel and suffered terrible casualties only 68/800 men were able to report for duty the next day The allied forces suffered 60 000 casualties the first day but Haig ordered the attack to be continued
and did for 4 months. The Allies suffered 650 000 casualties (24 000 Canadians) and only gained 545 km2 of territory

Question 30

The Battle Of Ypres

Answer 30

This battle took place in Belgium, Canada, France and Britain VS Germany. In this battle, the Germans invented Chlorine Gas. Chlorine Gas caused soldiers to suffocate. Chlorine Gas was less effective since it would disperse quickly and if the wind changed direction it would blow into the attacker’s face. Both sides invented Gas masks making the use of Chlorine Gas ineffective and no one claimed victory. Canadian Soldiers suffered 6,000 casualties

Question 31

The Battle of Passchendaele