Chapter 6 & 7: Intro to Nutritional Science; Systems & Cells Flashcards
Micronutrients
Nutrients our bodies use in trace amounts (vitamins and minerals)
Ecosystem
Dynamic, interconnected network of living things and their physical environment
Homeostasis
State of balanced function in the body
Ligaments
Connective tissue attaching bones to bones
Tendons
Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones
Smooth Muscles
Muscles of the arteries, veins, GI tract, uterus and more
Cardiac Muscle
Muscle of the heart
pH
Measure of hydrogen ion concentration with determines acidity or alkalinity of liquid
Epithelial tissue
Tissue making up skin, GI tract, respiratory, urinary tracts
Endothelial tissue
Tissue that lines our cardiovascular system
Fascia
Band or sheet of tissue that encloses or stabilizes tissues like muscles
Adipose tissue
tissue that makes up our fat cells
Myofibers
Muscle cells
Axons
Long stemlike part of nervous cells that make electrical pulses
Neurons
Nerve cells
Solutes
Substances (like salt) that dissolve in solvent (like water)
Metabolism
Collection of cellular tasks and chemical reactions needed to sustain life
Adipocyte
Fat cell
Peristalis
Wave-like muscular contractions in tubular structures like our organs of the digestive system
Fiber
Carbohydrate based structures that resist digestion by enzymes
Carbohydrates
Group of macronutrients that contains sugars, starches, and cellulose
Glycogen
Storage form of carbohydrates in muscles
Enterocytes
Brush-like structures that increase the surface area of cells in the intestines
Microvilli
Finger like structures on the surface of cells
Stratified Cells
Stacked Cells
Goblet Cells
Column-shaped cells found in respiratory and digestive tract that secret mucin
Cuboidal Cells
Strong cube shaped cells often forming structures (salivary gland mouth cells)
Squamous Cells
Flat cells that are easily replaced (like lining of esophagus
Organelles
Membrane bond structures that have a function in the cell
Endoplasmic Reticulum
Tube-like structures that are involved in protein and lipid synthesis in the cells
Golgi Apparatus
Structure in cell responsible for secretion and transport
Mitochrondria
organelle responsible for respiration and energy production
Cytosol
Semi-fluid matrix in the cell
Nucleus
Contain genetic material and operation instructions for cell
Lysosome
Organelle with enzymes that break down substances
Peroxisomes
Organelle with enzymes that metabolize nutrients
Saturated Fat
Fat molecule without double bond, usually animal fat that is solid at room temperature.
Trans Fat
Unsaturated fatty acid in manufactured foods
Monounsaturated fats
Fatty acid with one double bond
Polyunsaturated fats
Fatty acid with multiple double bonds often liquid at room temperature
SimpleDiffusion
Natural movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration
Carrier Protein
transports substances in and out of cells
Passive Transport
Moving substances across a cell membrane without energy
Active Transport
Moving substances in and out of a cell with energy
Pancreas
Organ that’s part of the GI tract and
