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Precision Nutrition 2020 > Chapter 6 & 7: Intro to Nutritional Science; Systems & Cells > Flashcards

Chapter 6 & 7: Intro to Nutritional Science; Systems & Cells Flashcards

1
Q

Micronutrients

A

Nutrients our bodies use in trace amounts (vitamins and minerals)

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2
Q

Ecosystem

A

Dynamic, interconnected network of living things and their physical environment

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3
Q

Homeostasis

A

State of balanced function in the body

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4
Q

Ligaments

A

Connective tissue attaching bones to bones

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5
Q

Tendons

A

Connective tissue that attaches muscles to bones

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6
Q

Smooth Muscles

A

Muscles of the arteries, veins, GI tract, uterus and more

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7
Q

Cardiac Muscle

A

Muscle of the heart

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8
Q

pH

A

Measure of hydrogen ion concentration with determines acidity or alkalinity of liquid

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9
Q

Epithelial tissue

A

Tissue making up skin, GI tract, respiratory, urinary tracts

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10
Q

Endothelial tissue

A

Tissue that lines our cardiovascular system

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11
Q

Fascia

A

Band or sheet of tissue that encloses or stabilizes tissues like muscles

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12
Q

Adipose tissue

A

tissue that makes up our fat cells

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13
Q

Myofibers

A

Muscle cells

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14
Q

Axons

A

Long stemlike part of nervous cells that make electrical pulses

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15
Q

Neurons

A

Nerve cells

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16
Q

Solutes

A

Substances (like salt) that dissolve in solvent (like water)

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17
Q

Metabolism

A

Collection of cellular tasks and chemical reactions needed to sustain life

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18
Q

Adipocyte

A

Fat cell

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19
Q

Peristalis

A

Wave-like muscular contractions in tubular structures like our organs of the digestive system

20
Q

Fiber

A

Carbohydrate based structures that resist digestion by enzymes

21
Q

Carbohydrates

A

Group of macronutrients that contains sugars, starches, and cellulose

22
Q

Glycogen

A

Storage form of carbohydrates in muscles

23
Q

Enterocytes

A

Brush-like structures that increase the surface area of cells in the intestines

24
Q

Microvilli

A

Finger like structures on the surface of cells

25
Q

Stratified Cells

A

Stacked Cells

26
Q

Goblet Cells

A

Column-shaped cells found in respiratory and digestive tract that secret mucin

27
Q

Cuboidal Cells

A

Strong cube shaped cells often forming structures (salivary gland mouth cells)

28
Q

Squamous Cells

A

Flat cells that are easily replaced (like lining of esophagus

29
Q

Organelles

A

Membrane bond structures that have a function in the cell

30
Q

Endoplasmic Reticulum

A

Tube-like structures that are involved in protein and lipid synthesis in the cells

31
Q

Golgi Apparatus

A

Structure in cell responsible for secretion and transport

32
Q

Mitochrondria

A

organelle responsible for respiration and energy production

33
Q

Cytosol

A

Semi-fluid matrix in the cell

34
Q

Nucleus

A

Contain genetic material and operation instructions for cell

35
Q

Lysosome

A

Organelle with enzymes that break down substances

36
Q

Peroxisomes

A

Organelle with enzymes that metabolize nutrients

37
Q

Saturated Fat

A

Fat molecule without double bond, usually animal fat that is solid at room temperature.

38
Q

Trans Fat

A

Unsaturated fatty acid in manufactured foods

39
Q

Monounsaturated fats

A

Fatty acid with one double bond

40
Q

Polyunsaturated fats

A

Fatty acid with multiple double bonds often liquid at room temperature

41
Q

SimpleDiffusion

A

Natural movement of molecules from high concentration to low concentration

42
Q

Carrier Protein

A

transports substances in and out of cells

43
Q

Passive Transport

A

Moving substances across a cell membrane without energy

44
Q

Active Transport

A

Moving substances in and out of a cell with energy

45
Q

Pancreas

A

Organ that’s part of the GI tract and

Precision Nutrition 2020 (2 decks)

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