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Sts > Chapter 6&7 > Flashcards

Chapter 6&7 Flashcards

1
Q

Are intended to enhance human condition or in the future replace the human function or in the future replace human functions in the society

A

Robots, machines and other tech

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2
Q

Views technology as basically a means to an end

A

Aristotelianism

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3
Q

To him, technology is the organization of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being posed by humans

A

Aristotle

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4
Q

Holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways . Technology has a way of life

A

Technological pessimism

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5
Q

Elluls pessimistic arguments

A

1) technological progress has a price
2) technological progress creates more problems
3) technological progress creates damaging effects
4) technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects

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6
Q

This view is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for the problems that may come

A

Technological optimism

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7
Q

Extreme version of technological optimism which holds technology as the supreme authority on everything

A

Technocratism

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8
Q

The main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity.

A

Existentialism

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9
Q

This view basically investigates the meaning of existence or being and is always faced with the selection must make with which the selection will commit himself to.

A

Existentialism

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10
Q

French philosopher that supported technological pessimism

A

Jacques Ellul

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11
Q

One of the most known supporters of existentialism

A

Martin Heidegger

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12
Q

The gathering of the setting upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed to unconcealment and this is a continuous revealing

A

Enframing

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13
Q

Well known German philosopher , examined two usual definitions of technology : means to an end and a human activity

A

Martin Heidegger

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14
Q

Aristotle’s Four causes

A

1) Material cause
2) Formal cause
3) Final cause
4) Efficient cause

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15
Q

The bringing forth of something is termed as

A

Poiesis

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16
Q

Something that came about without any external force

A

Physis

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17
Q

Carries the idea that nature will not reveal itself unless challenge is set upon it

A

Unlock and response

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18
Q

We can’t turn to science for an answer because in the first place science identified human with varied option and limited evidence

A

Smith

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19
Q

Greek word which refers to a state of having a good indwelling spirit or being in a contented of being healthy, happy and prosperous.

A

Eudaimonia

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20
Q

Believed that balance and temperance were created space for happiness.

A

Epiricus

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21
Q

Known for his criticisms on psychological analyses that resulted to opposing ideas on the people’s received ideas

A

Friedrich Nietzsche

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22
Q

For him happiness is an ideal state of laziness

A

Nietzsche

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23
Q

Practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area

A

Technology

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24
Q

Factors that define the limits of technology

A

1) The Laws of Physics
2) The Laws of Software
3) The Challenge of Algorithms
4) The Difficulty of Distribution
5) The Problems of Design
6) The Problems of Functionality
7) The Importance of Organization
8) The Impact of Economics
9) The Influence of Politics

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25
Q

An American computer scientist observed “A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you did not even know existed can render your computer unusable”

A

Leslie Lamport

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26
Q

Means effort or time

A

Performance

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27
Q

Means the volume of human generated code

A

Complexity

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28
Q

Means maturity of process and notation

A

Process

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29
Q

Means skill set , experience and motivation

A

Team

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30
Q

Means software tools automation

A

Tools

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31
Q

According to __ today is the period he called technological adolescence

A

Sagan

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32
Q

Declared a day one of the Mars era

A

Charles Bolden

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33
Q

Concept used to explain insurgents rights and duties during the armed struggle

A

Soft war

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34
Q

Have been achieved allowing direct communication from one brain to another without speech

A

Brain to brain interfaces (BBI)

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35
Q

Machine that detects brain activity in the sender and a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil that controls movement in the receiver

A

Electroencephalography (EEG)

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36
Q

Advanced less than 5,000 years ago

A

Agrarian societies

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37
Q

Material standard of living, untimely death is reduced, improvement in evolutionary view and, reduced suffering

A

Positive view

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38
Q

Contemporary social problems, society drifting away from human nature

A

Negative view

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39
Q

Notes that societies need to protect certain resources such as food, energy and natural resources in order to sustain their populations.

A

Tainter

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40
Q

Draws attention to the danger of creeping normalcy

A

Diamond

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41
Q

Stating to the phenomenon of a slow trend being concealed with noisy fluctuations so that a detrimental outcome that occurs in small, almost unnoticeable steps may be accepted without resistance even if the same outcome had it come about in one sudden leap would have evoked a vigorous response.

A

Creeping normalcy

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42
Q

All history of societal collapse has been this kind

A

Local societal collapse

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43
Q

New kinds of threat or the trend towards globalization increased interdependence of different parts of the world and create a vulnerability to human civilization as a whole

A

Global societal collapse

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44
Q

Are so powerful that they can spawn new classes of accidents and abuses

A

Genetics, Nanotechnology and Robotics (GNR)

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45
Q

The American people and their leaders invariably do the right thing after they have examined every other alternative

A

Churchill

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46
Q

Perhaps the least affected by spreading the timeframe of consideration

A

Extinction scenario

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47
Q

Becomes progressively unlikely the longer the timescale for reasons that are apparent from figure

A

Recurrent collapse scenario

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48
Q

Are the recurrent collapse scenario in the level of civilization is theorised to remain confined within a narrow range

A

Plateau scenario

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49
Q

Like extinction it increases monotonically overtime

A

Cumulative probability of post humanity

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50
Q

Theory or concept that is of an advance level of technological or economic development that would involve a radical change in human condition whether the change was brought by biological enhancement or other causes

A

Post-humanity

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51
Q

Involves the manipulation of matter on a molecular or atomic scale

A

Nanotechnology

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52
Q

The term Nanotechnology was coined in 1974 by __ a professor at Tokyo University of Science

A

Norio Taniguchi

53
Q

The year that modern nanotechnology began

A

1981

54
Q

The idea and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started from physicist who talked “Theres plenty of room at the bottom” in an American Physical Society Meeting

A

Richard Feynman

55
Q

Father of modern nanotechnology

A

Richard Feynman

56
Q

Is a unit of measurement of length, Greek prefix meaning dwarf

A

Nano

57
Q

Measurement of size in nanometers approximately 1-100 nanometers

A

Nanoscale or nanoscopic scale

58
Q

Used in Islamic world and later in Europe

A

Glowing glittering luster ceramic glazes

59
Q

Produced and used to provide strength, resilience and the ability to hold a keen edge

A

“Damascus” saber blades, cementite nanowires and carbon nanotubes

60
Q

Created by the Italians employing nanoparticles

A

Renaissance pottery

61
Q

Studied by Michael Faraday. Demonstrated colored solutions produced by gold nanoparticles under certain lighting conditions

A

Colloidal suspensions of “Ruby” gold

62
Q

Use of nanowires to ultrafast ICT with small power consumption

A

Information and Communication Technology and semiconductors

63
Q

Dye sensitised based solar cells, low cost solar cells belonging to the group of thin-film solar cells

A

Solar cells

64
Q

Facilitate gene transformation and expression of animal and plant cells

A

Agriculture

65
Q

Biodegradable food packaging

A

Food

66
Q

Water purification by nano filters for treating heavy metal contaminated water

A

Environment

67
Q

Purify, desalinate and detoxify the water

A

Nanomembranes

68
Q

To detect the contaminants and pathogens in the water

A

Nanosensors

69
Q

Application of nanotechnology in the field of health and medicine

A

Nanomedicine

70
Q

Technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products

A

Biotechnology

71
Q

Technology that works on manipulating the genome to correct defective genes to treat heritable diseases

A

Gene therapy

72
Q

Faulty genes are corrected or edited by inserting good genes

A

Gene editing

73
Q

Often called blueprint of life

A

Genes

74
Q

evaluates climate change science and released reports on global climate change

A

Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)

75
Q

is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affects the behavior of the heat energy radiated by the sun

A

natural
greenhouse effect

76
Q

a process that disrupts the equilibrium of the Earth’s climate due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases that increases the global average surface temperatures

A

Greenhouse effect

77
Q

Human activities that emit greenhouse gases are considered

A

anthropogenic sources.

78
Q

The most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas; contributes the greatest portion of warming caused by human activities.

A

Carbon dioxide

79
Q

A natural gas that comes from natural sources such as wetlands and termite mounds

A

Methane

80
Q

Naturally occurring as part of the global water cycle. • The most abundant and significant greenhouse gas which can trap more heat than carbon dioxide

A

Water vapor

81
Q

Naturally occurring in the stratosphere but largely found in the troposphere because of human activities.

A

Ozone

82
Q

Emissions come from agricultural and industrial activities and the combustion of solid wastes and fossil fuels

A

Nitrous oxide

83
Q

Emissions come from commercial, industrial, or household uses. • Include hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons,
sulfur hexafluoride, and other synthetic gases.

A

Synthetic gases

84
Q

the unusually rapid increase
in earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels

A

Global warming

85
Q

top 3 hottest years on record were in

A

2015, 2016, and 2017

86
Q

top three greenhouse gas
emitters are

A

China, United States, and the European Union.

87
Q

too much use of the natural resources.

A

Overconsumption

88
Q

a steady increase in population increases the demands for fuels and
products produced from natural resources.

A

overpopulation

89
Q

the use of old and outdated power-generating equipment by the
energy-producing firms which are less efficient and cannot meet the world’s demands of
energy.

A

Poor infrastructure

90
Q

caused by frequent tripping and breakdown.

A

Poor distribution system

91
Q

as one of the latest energy technologies that can efficiently
produce clean, renewable electricity by using the temperature differences between the surface
ocean waters and the deep ocean waters.

A

Ocean
Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)

92
Q

has become a
framework which human cannot escape

A

Technique

93
Q

is a complex matter capable of performing life-sustaining processes

A

human being

94
Q

which literally means “being there

A

Dasein

95
Q

pleasure is the norm of morality

A

hedonism

96
Q

____for Nietszche is described as to not have any
worries or distress in life

A

laziness

97
Q

technology has many advantages for humanity. One cannot
live without these advancements, but there are certain limitations to what humanity can apply it
to almost everything they do.

A

Booch (2003),

98
Q

14th century
logician, and Franciscan friar, stated, “Entities should not be multiplied
unnecessarily.”

A

William Occam,

99
Q

an English physicist, and mathematician projected
Occam’s work into physics by noting, “We are to admit no more causes of natural
things than such are both true and sufficient to explain their appearance.”

A

Isaac Newton

100
Q

a German-born theoretical physicist, declared that “Everything should be
made as simple as possible but not simpler.”

A

Albert einstein

101
Q

in
his classic work on Software Engineering Economics, based upon 20 years of
empirical evidence, concludes that the performance of a project can be predicted
according to the following equations:

Performance = (Complexity ∗∗ Process) ∗ Team ∗ Tools

A

Barry Boehm

102
Q

seems to have preferred indirect strategies such as tax policies,
intellectual property rights protection, and antitrust laws to promote technological advancement
and government support for basic research over direct federal funding for private-sector
technology commercialization initiatives.

A

Congressional legislation

103
Q

endure external pressures caused by
climate change, natural disasters, and economic globalization.

A

Resilient systems

104
Q

According to(2004), there are four future scenarios for the Humanity and
Technology:

A

Nick Bostrom

105
Q

Nanotech Lab (Nano Lab) which is
one of the few nanotechnology research labs in the Philippines was open to the public on

A

July 1, 2015.

106
Q

genetic materials in our body cells, often
called the

A

DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid.

107
Q

are
vehicles or agents used to introduce or insert genes into the cell.

A

vectors

108
Q

It is not related to reproductive gene therapy.
▪ The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non-sex cells) to produce enzymes
needed by the body to function well without altering the organism’s genetic make-up.

A

Somatic gene therapy

109
Q

It involves introducing corrective genes to sex cells (sperm cells, egg cells) or 4-day old
zygotes.
▪ The process removes the abnormalities that the offspring may inherit.

A

Reproductive Gene Therapy or Germ-line Cell Therapy

110
Q

refers to the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an
organism by manipulating its genetic material using recombinant DNA techniques so that the
capabilities of an organism become beyond what is considered normal.

A

Genetic modification

111
Q

a Chinese biophysicist,
announced his work on gene editing. He and his
team at Southern University of Science and
Technology had used the CRISPR gene-editing
system to edit DNA in human embryos to make
them less susceptible to HIV.

A

He Jiankiu,

112
Q

a measure of the variety of versions of the
same genes within individual species,

A

Genetic Biodiversity

113
Q

the number of different kinds of
organisms within individual communities or ecosystems,

A

Species Biodiversity

114
Q

the
number of niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes that capture, sustain food webs and
recycle materials within this system.

A

Ecological Biodiversity

115
Q

indicates the total number of species in an area while

A

Species Richness

116
Q

shows how evenly the species are represented in the area.

A

Species
Evenness

117
Q

for high blood pressure

A

bawang (Allium sativum)

118
Q

for cough

A

lagundi (Vitex negundo

119
Q

for pain;

A

yerba buena (Clinopodium douglasii)

120
Q

for renal stones;

A

sambong (Blumea balsamifera)

121
Q

for
diarrhea;

A

bayabas (Psidium guajava)

122
Q

is one of the major current threats to biodiversity not only in
our country but in other countries too.

A

Human-caused species loss

123
Q

referring to killing, poaching, and selling endangered species of
plants and animals.

A

resource exploitation

124
Q

referring to habitat destruction (mangrove destruction, mining, slash-
and-burn, natural habitat conversion for human use and monoculture;

A

land use changes

125
Q

referring to water-borne pollutants from leaching, nitrogen fertilizer use;
chemicals from factories, human wastes; noise pollution, light pollution, and sonar
pollution.

A

Pollution

126
Q

“HIPPO” proposed by an
American biologist Edward Osborne Wilson.

A

Habitat destruction, Invasive
species, Pollution, Population growth, and Overharvesting.

127
Q

refers to organisms or species on which other organisms or species largely depend.

A

Keystone
species

128
Q

are
biologically rich areas but with species threatened by extinction

A

Biodiversity hotspots

129
Q
A

Sts (3 decks)

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