Chapter 6&7 Flashcards
1
Q
Are intended to enhance human condition or in the future replace the human function or in the future replace human functions in the society
A
Robots, machines and other tech
2
Q
Views technology as basically a means to an end
A
Aristotelianism
3
Q
To him, technology is the organization of techniques in order to meet the demand that is being posed by humans
A
Aristotle
4
Q
Holds that technology is progressive and beneficial in many ways, it is also doubtful in many ways . Technology has a way of life
A
Technological pessimism
5
Q
Elluls pessimistic arguments
A
1) technological progress has a price
2) technological progress creates more problems
3) technological progress creates damaging effects
4) technological progress creates unpredictable devastating effects
6
Q
This view is strongly supported by technologists and engineers and also by ordinary people who believe that technology can alleviate all the difficulties and provide solutions for the problems that may come
A
Technological optimism
7
Q
Extreme version of technological optimism which holds technology as the supreme authority on everything
A
Technocratism
8
Q
The main concern of this view is the existence or the mode of being someone or something which is governed by the norm of authenticity.
A
Existentialism
9
Q
This view basically investigates the meaning of existence or being and is always faced with the selection must make with which the selection will commit himself to.
A
Existentialism
10
Q
French philosopher that supported technological pessimism
A
Jacques Ellul
11
Q
One of the most known supporters of existentialism
A
Martin Heidegger
12
Q
The gathering of the setting upon which challenges man to bring the unconcealed to unconcealment and this is a continuous revealing
A
Enframing
13
Q
Well known German philosopher , examined two usual definitions of technology : means to an end and a human activity
A
Martin Heidegger
14
Q
Aristotle’s Four causes
A
1) Material cause
2) Formal cause
3) Final cause
4) Efficient cause
15
Q
The bringing forth of something is termed as
A
Poiesis
16
Q
Something that came about without any external force
A
Physis
17
Q
Carries the idea that nature will not reveal itself unless challenge is set upon it
A
Unlock and response
18
Q
We can’t turn to science for an answer because in the first place science identified human with varied option and limited evidence
A
Smith
19
Q
Greek word which refers to a state of having a good indwelling spirit or being in a contented of being healthy, happy and prosperous.
A
Eudaimonia
20
Q
Believed that balance and temperance were created space for happiness.
A
Epiricus
21
Q
Known for his criticisms on psychological analyses that resulted to opposing ideas on the people’s received ideas
A
Friedrich Nietzsche
22
Q
For him happiness is an ideal state of laziness
A
Nietzsche
23
Q
Practical application of knowledge especially in a particular area
A
Technology
24
Q
Factors that define the limits of technology
A
1) The Laws of Physics
2) The Laws of Software
3) The Challenge of Algorithms
4) The Difficulty of Distribution
5) The Problems of Design
6) The Problems of Functionality
7) The Importance of Organization
8) The Impact of Economics
9) The Influence of Politics
25
An American computer scientist observed "A distributed system is one in which the failure of a computer you did not even know existed can render your computer unusable"
Leslie Lamport
26
Means effort or time
Performance
27
Means the volume of human generated code
Complexity
28
Means maturity of process and notation
Process
29
Means skill set , experience and motivation
Team
30
Means software tools automation
Tools
31
According to __ today is the period he called technological adolescence
Sagan
32
Declared a day one of the Mars era
Charles Bolden
33
Concept used to explain insurgents rights and duties during the armed struggle
Soft war
34
Have been achieved allowing direct communication from one brain to another without speech
Brain to brain interfaces (BBI)
35
Machine that detects brain activity in the sender and a transcranial magnetic stimulation coil that controls movement in the receiver
Electroencephalography (EEG)
36
Advanced less than 5,000 years ago
Agrarian societies
37
Material standard of living, untimely death is reduced, improvement in evolutionary view and, reduced suffering
Positive view
38
Contemporary social problems, society drifting away from human nature
Negative view
39
Notes that societies need to protect certain resources such as food, energy and natural resources in order to sustain their populations.
Tainter
40
Draws attention to the danger of creeping normalcy
Diamond
41
Stating to the phenomenon of a slow trend being concealed with noisy fluctuations so that a detrimental outcome that occurs in small, almost unnoticeable steps may be accepted without resistance even if the same outcome had it come about in one sudden leap would have evoked a vigorous response.
Creeping normalcy
42
All history of societal collapse has been this kind
Local societal collapse
43
New kinds of threat or the trend towards globalization increased interdependence of different parts of the world and create a vulnerability to human civilization as a whole
Global societal collapse
44
Are so powerful that they can spawn new classes of accidents and abuses
Genetics, Nanotechnology and Robotics (GNR)
45
The American people and their leaders invariably do the right thing after they have examined every other alternative
Churchill
46
Perhaps the least affected by spreading the timeframe of consideration
Extinction scenario
47
Becomes progressively unlikely the longer the timescale for reasons that are apparent from figure
Recurrent collapse scenario
48
Are the recurrent collapse scenario in the level of civilization is theorised to remain confined within a narrow range
Plateau scenario
49
Like extinction it increases monotonically overtime
Cumulative probability of post humanity
50
Theory or concept that is of an advance level of technological or economic development that would involve a radical change in human condition whether the change was brought by biological enhancement or other causes
Post-humanity
51
Involves the manipulation of matter on a molecular or atomic scale
Nanotechnology
52
The term Nanotechnology was coined in 1974 by __ a professor at Tokyo University of Science
Norio Taniguchi
53
The year that modern nanotechnology began
1981
54
The idea and concepts behind nanoscience and nanotechnology started from physicist who talked "Theres plenty of room at the bottom" in an American Physical Society Meeting
Richard Feynman
55
Father of modern nanotechnology
Richard Feynman
56
Is a unit of measurement of length, Greek prefix meaning dwarf
Nano
57
Measurement of size in nanometers approximately 1-100 nanometers
Nanoscale or nanoscopic scale
58
Used in Islamic world and later in Europe
Glowing glittering luster ceramic glazes
59
Produced and used to provide strength, resilience and the ability to hold a keen edge
"Damascus" saber blades, cementite nanowires and carbon nanotubes
60
Created by the Italians employing nanoparticles
Renaissance pottery
61
Studied by Michael Faraday. Demonstrated colored solutions produced by gold nanoparticles under certain lighting conditions
Colloidal suspensions of "Ruby" gold
62
Use of nanowires to ultrafast ICT with small power consumption
Information and Communication Technology and semiconductors
63
Dye sensitised based solar cells, low cost solar cells belonging to the group of thin-film solar cells
Solar cells
64
Facilitate gene transformation and expression of animal and plant cells
Agriculture
65
Biodegradable food packaging
Food
66
Water purification by nano filters for treating heavy metal contaminated water
Environment
67
Purify, desalinate and detoxify the water
Nanomembranes
68
To detect the contaminants and pathogens in the water
Nanosensors
69
Application of nanotechnology in the field of health and medicine
Nanomedicine
70
Technology that utilizes biological systems, living organisms or parts of this to develop or create different products
Biotechnology
71
Technology that works on manipulating the genome to correct defective genes to treat heritable diseases
Gene therapy
72
Faulty genes are corrected or edited by inserting good genes
Gene editing
73
Often called blueprint of life
Genes
74
evaluates climate change science and released reports on global climate change
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)
75
is a phenomenon caused by gases naturally present in the atmosphere that affects the behavior of the heat energy radiated by the sun
natural
greenhouse effect
76
a process that disrupts the equilibrium of the Earth’s climate due to the increased concentration of greenhouse gases that increases the global average surface temperatures
Greenhouse effect
77
Human activities that emit greenhouse gases are considered
anthropogenic sources.
78
The most important anthropogenic greenhouse gas; contributes the greatest portion of warming caused by human activities.
Carbon dioxide
79
A natural gas that comes from natural sources such as wetlands and termite mounds
Methane
80
Naturally occurring as part of the global water cycle. • The most abundant and significant greenhouse gas which can trap more heat than carbon dioxide
Water vapor
81
Naturally occurring in the stratosphere but largely found in the troposphere because of human activities.
Ozone
82
Emissions come from agricultural and industrial activities and the combustion of solid wastes and fossil fuels
Nitrous oxide
83
Emissions come from commercial, industrial, or household uses. • Include hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons,
sulfur hexafluoride, and other synthetic gases.
Synthetic gases
84
the unusually rapid increase
in earth’s average surface temperature over the past century primarily due to the greenhouse gases released by people burning fossil fuels
Global warming
85
top 3 hottest years on record were in
2015, 2016, and 2017
86
top three greenhouse gas
emitters are
China, United States, and the European Union.
87
too much use of the natural resources.
Overconsumption
88
a steady increase in population increases the demands for fuels and
products produced from natural resources.
overpopulation
89
the use of old and outdated power-generating equipment by the
energy-producing firms which are less efficient and cannot meet the world’s demands of
energy.
Poor infrastructure
90
caused by frequent tripping and breakdown.
Poor distribution system
91
as one of the latest energy technologies that can efficiently
produce clean, renewable electricity by using the temperature differences between the surface
ocean waters and the deep ocean waters.
Ocean
Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)
92
has become a
framework which human cannot escape
Technique
93
is a complex matter capable of performing life-sustaining processes
human being
94
which literally means “being there
Dasein
95
pleasure is the norm of morality
hedonism
96
____for Nietszche is described as to not have any
worries or distress in life
laziness
97
technology has many advantages for humanity. One cannot
live without these advancements, but there are certain limitations to what humanity can apply it
to almost everything they do.
Booch (2003),
98
14th century
logician, and Franciscan friar, stated, "Entities should not be multiplied
unnecessarily.”
William Occam,
99
an English physicist, and mathematician projected
Occam's work into physics by noting, "We are to admit no more causes of natural
things than such are both true and sufficient to explain their appearance."
Isaac Newton
100
a German-born theoretical physicist, declared that "Everything should be
made as simple as possible but not simpler.”
Albert einstein
101
in
his classic work on Software Engineering Economics, based upon 20 years of
empirical evidence, concludes that the performance of a project can be predicted
according to the following equations:
Performance = (Complexity ∗∗ Process) ∗ Team ∗ Tools
Barry Boehm
102
seems to have preferred indirect strategies such as tax policies,
intellectual property rights protection, and antitrust laws to promote technological advancement
and government support for basic research over direct federal funding for private-sector
technology commercialization initiatives.
Congressional legislation
103
endure external pressures caused by
climate change, natural disasters, and economic globalization.
Resilient systems
104
According to(2004), there are four future scenarios for the Humanity and
Technology:
Nick Bostrom
105
Nanotech Lab (Nano Lab) which is
one of the few nanotechnology research labs in the Philippines was open to the public on
July 1, 2015.
106
genetic materials in our body cells, often
called the
DNA or Deoxyribonucleic Acid.
107
are
vehicles or agents used to introduce or insert genes into the cell.
vectors
108
It is not related to reproductive gene therapy.
▪ The genes are introduced to cells in the target organ (non-sex cells) to produce enzymes
needed by the body to function well without altering the organism’s genetic make-up.
Somatic gene therapy
109
It involves introducing corrective genes to sex cells (sperm cells, egg cells) or 4-day old
zygotes.
▪ The process removes the abnormalities that the offspring may inherit.
Reproductive Gene Therapy or Germ-line Cell Therapy
110
refers to the deliberate modification of the characteristics of an
organism by manipulating its genetic material using recombinant DNA techniques so that the
capabilities of an organism become beyond what is considered normal.
Genetic modification
111
a Chinese biophysicist,
announced his work on gene editing. He and his
team at Southern University of Science and
Technology had used the CRISPR gene-editing
system to edit DNA in human embryos to make
them less susceptible to HIV.
He Jiankiu,
112
a measure of the variety of versions of the
same genes within individual species,
Genetic Biodiversity
113
the number of different kinds of
organisms within individual communities or ecosystems,
Species Biodiversity
114
the
number of niches, trophic levels, and ecological processes that capture, sustain food webs and
recycle materials within this system.
Ecological Biodiversity
115
indicates the total number of species in an area while
Species Richness
116
shows how evenly the species are represented in the area.
Species
Evenness
117
for high blood pressure
bawang (Allium sativum)
118
for cough
lagundi (Vitex negundo
119
for pain;
yerba buena (Clinopodium douglasii)
120
for renal stones;
sambong (Blumea balsamifera)
121
for
diarrhea;
bayabas (Psidium guajava)
122
is one of the major current threats to biodiversity not only in
our country but in other countries too.
Human-caused species loss
123
referring to killing, poaching, and selling endangered species of
plants and animals.
resource exploitation
124
referring to habitat destruction (mangrove destruction, mining, slash-
and-burn, natural habitat conversion for human use and monoculture;
land use changes
125
referring to water-borne pollutants from leaching, nitrogen fertilizer use;
chemicals from factories, human wastes; noise pollution, light pollution, and sonar
pollution.
Pollution
126
“HIPPO” proposed by an
American biologist Edward Osborne Wilson.
Habitat destruction, Invasive
species, Pollution, Population growth, and Overharvesting.
127
refers to organisms or species on which other organisms or species largely depend.
Keystone
species
128
are
biologically rich areas but with species threatened by extinction
Biodiversity hotspots
129
