Chapter 6

Question 1

the study of energy and its interconverions

Answer 1

Thermodynamics

Question 2

the first law of ____ states that the total amount of energy in the universe is constant

Answer 2

Thermodynamics

Question 3

the energy of the universe is given by

Answer 3

E univ = E sys + E surr

Question 4

the energy of the universe is constant

Answer 4

delta E univ = delta E sys + delta E surr = 0

Question 5

the change of energy of system is the opposite of the change of energy of the surroundings…

Answer 5

delta E surr = - delta E sys

Question 6

due to motion

Answer 6

Kinetic Energy

Question 7

due to position or composition

Answer 7

Potential Energy

Question 8

associated with temperature

Answer 8

Thermal Energy

Question 9

associated with positions of electrons and nuclei

Answer 9

Chemical Energy

Question 10

the transfer of energy as __ can occur between two bodies when they are at different temperatures

Answer 10

Heat

Question 11

___ is transferred as heat from the hotter body to the cooler body

Answer 11

Energy

Question 12

___ the coordinated movement of the matter against a force

Answer 12

Work

Question 13

when the system uses an ____ force to move its matter against an ____ force, the system is doing work (w < 0) and E of the system decreases

Answer 13

Internal & External

Question 14

when an ___ force is used to move the matter of the system against its ___ internal force, work is done on the system (w > 0) and E of the system increases

Answer 14

External & Internal

Question 15

we will focus exclusively on one type of work…

Answer 15

Pressure - Volume Work

Question 16

a ___ is the amount of energy needed to move a distance of 1 meter against a force of 1 N

Answer 16

Joule (J)

Question 17

a ___ is the amount of energy needed to raise the temp of one gram of water 1*C

Answer 17

Calorie (cal)

Question 18

the ___ of a system is the sum of the internal energy of the system and the product of pressure and volume

Answer 18

Enthalpy, H

Question 19

the ___ of a reaction is the heat evolved in a reaction at constant pressure

Answer 19

Enthalpy Change, delta H

Question 20

usually __ and __ are similar in value; the difference is largest for reactions that produce or use large quantities of gas

Answer 20

delta H and delta E

Question 21

when delta H is ___, heat is being released by the system

Answer 21

Negative

Question 22

most combustion reactions are…

Answer 22

Exothermic

Question 23

when delta H is ___, heat is being absorbed by the system

Answer 23

Positive

Question 24

evaporation is a common example of an..

Answer 24

Endothermic Process

Question 25

____ and ___ are both examples of state functions

Answer 25

Internal Energy and Enthalpy

Question 26

___ have values that do not depend on the path or the process to obtain the state only on the actual state

Answer 26

State Functions

Question 27

____ is another example of a state function

Answer 27

Altitude

Question 28

the ___ is the enthalpy change when all reactants and products are in their standard states

Answer 28

Standard Enthalpy Change, delta H*

Question 29

the ___ is the enthalpy change for the reaction forming 1 mole of a purse compound from its element in their standard states

Answer 29

Standard Enthalpy of Formation, delta H f*