Chapter 6

Question 1

Negative sanctions (punishments)

Answer 1

Show society’s Disapproval of deviance

Question 2

Positive sanctions (rewards)

Answer 2

show society’s Approval of conformity

Question 3

Relativity of deviance

Answer 3

What is deviant to some is not deviant to others

Question 4

Social control

Answer 4

A groups formal and informal means of enforcing its norms

Question 5

Biological explanations

Answer 5

Focus on genetic predispositions and inherited traits

Body type, extra Y chromosome, squarish muscular body street crime

Question 6

Psychological explanations

Answer 6

Focus on abnormalities within the individual

personality disorders

Question 7

Sociological explanations

Answer 7

Look at societal influences and outside explanations for deviance

Social class, education, occupation

Question 8

Cultural transmission theory

Answer 8

Deviant behavior is learned

Question 9

Differential association theory

Answer 9

We learn deviant behaviors from different groups we associate with

Question 10

Strain theory

Answer 10

Discrepancy between socially approved goals and socially approved institutionalized means

Question 11

5 types of deviant behavior (anomie)

Answer 11

Conformity

Innovation

Retreat

Ritualism

Rebellion

Question 12

Conformity

Answer 12

accept cultural goals and means to attain those goals

Question 13

Innovation

Answer 13

Except cultural goals and reject means to attain those goals

Question 14

Retreat

Answer 14

Reject cultural goals and reject means as well

Question 15

Ritualism

Answer 15

Except means to attain goals but reject the goals them selves

Question 16

Rebellion

Answer 16

Reject the cultural goals and reject that means as well, create your own

Question 17

Labeling Theory

Answer 17

The view that the labels people are given affect their own and others’ perceptions of them, challenging their behavior into deviance or conformity

Question 18

Control Theory

Answer 18

Inner controls and outer controls work against our tendencies to deviate

Question 19

Conflict theory

Answer 19

Social class is related to the criminal justice

White color vs property crime

Question 20

Medicalization of deviance

Thomas Szasz

Answer 20

“Mental illnesses are neither mental nor illnesses. They are simply problem behaviors”

Question 21

Deviance

Answer 21

Behavior that violates significant social norms and is disapproved by a large number of people