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Physiology Test > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

The method of ossification forming most bones

A

Endochondral

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2
Q

The enlarged ends of a bone

A

Epiphyses

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3
Q

Articulate cartilage is an example of this cartilage type

A

Hyaline

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4
Q

The center of an osteon which carries blood vessels

A

Haversian canal

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5
Q

The shaft of a long bone

A

Diaphysis

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6
Q

Rings of bony tissue filled with minerals and surrounding the Haversian canal

A

Lamellae

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7
Q

Mature bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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8
Q

Bone that contains numerous air spaces between cells

A

Spongy

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9
Q

Microscopic cavities in bone containing osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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10
Q

A space in bone which contains marrow

A

Medullary canal

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11
Q

Bone-forming cells

A

Osteoblasts

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12
Q

Very dense bone with no air spaces within

A

Compact

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13
Q

Small channels connecting lacunae with each other

A

Canaliculi

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14
Q

The unit of structure in compact bone

A

Haversian system

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15
Q

The mineral part of bone

A

Matrix

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16
Q

The “growth area” in bones where epiphysis joins diaphysis

A

Epiphyseal plate

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17
Q

Bone is an example of this major tissue type

A

Connective

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18
Q

Bone disorder characterized by decreased bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures

A

Osteoporosis

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19
Q

The area of a long bone containing the thickest layer of compact bone

A

Diaphysis

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20
Q

The membranous outer covering of a long bone

A

Periosteum

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21
Q

Secret cartilage matrix

A

Chondroblasts

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22
Q

Involved in bone resorption

A

Osteoclasts

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23
Q

Mature cartilage cells

A

Chondrocytes

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24
Q

Marrow bone cells

A

Osteocytes

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25
Q

Cells that form bone

A

Osteoblasts

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26
Q

When trying to locate a foramen in a bone, you would look for

A

An opening or hole

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27
Q

The ribs articulate with the

A

Thoracic vertebrae

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28
Q

Run lengthwise through bone

A

Central (Haversian) canal

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29
Q

Connect central canals with lacunae

A

Canaliculi

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30
Q

Concentric rings of matrix

A

Lamellae

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31
Q

Connect nutrient arteries and nerves from periosteum to the central canals

A

Perforating (volkmann’s) canal

32
Q

Spaces that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

33
Q

The presence of an epiphyseal line in a long bone indicates that the bone

A

Is still capable of growing in length

34
Q

The hyoid bone is unique because it

A

Does not articulate with any other bone

35
Q

The bones that form the pectoral girdle are the

A

Scapula and sternum

36
Q

The main hormone that regulates the Ca2+ balance between bone and blood is

A

Parathyroid hormone

37
Q

Spongy bone differs from compact bone because spongy bone

A

Has latticework walls known as trabeculae

38
Q

Humerus

A

Long

39
Q

Carpus

A

Short

40
Q

Vertebra

A

Irregular

41
Q

Sternum

A

Flat

42
Q

Where long bones form joints, the epiphyses are covered with

A

Hyaline cartilage

43
Q

What substance in bone contributes to its tensile strength

A

Collagen

44
Q

The skeletal system is responsible for

A

Protecting internal organs from injury
Producing movement
Providing a supporting framework for the body
Hemopoiesis

45
Q

Which 3 bones fuse together to form the hip bones

A

Ilium, ischium, pubis

46
Q

What name is given to the formation of bone

A

Ossification

47
Q

Which bone is the only movable one in the skull

A

Mandible

48
Q

The ribs and cranial bones are classified as what type of bone

A

Flat

49
Q

What condition results from a sideways bending of the vertebral column

A

Scoliosis

50
Q

What are the units of structure in compact bone with little space between them

A

Osteon

51
Q

What bone makes up the pectoral girdle

A

Scapula and clavicle

52
Q

What bone disorder occurs when bone destruction outpaces bone formation due to the depletion of calcium

A

Osteoporosis

53
Q

What name is given to the center of an osteon that carries blood vessels longitudinally through the bone

A

Central canal

54
Q

Which bone is the strongest, largest, and heaviest

A

Femor

55
Q

The bones of the thighs, forearms, and fingers are classified as what type of bone

A

Long bones

56
Q

What are the neck vertebrae called

A

Cervical

57
Q

In an osteon, what name is given to the rings of hard, calcified matrix that surround the central canal

A

Lamellae

58
Q

Name the hole in The occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

A

Foramen magnum

59
Q

Where does bone growth occur in a long bone

A

Epiphyseal plate

60
Q

The nasal bone, maxilla, and mandible are part of what group of bones

A

Facial

61
Q

Cleft plate occurs when what bones fail to unite

A

Maxillae

62
Q

Name the region of a long bone between the epiphysis and the diaphysis

A

Metaphysis

63
Q

Which bone located under the jaw does not articulate with any other bone

A

Hyoid

64
Q

Name the scroll like bones in the nasal cavity whose job it is to filter are before it gets to the lungs

A

Conchae

65
Q

Name the “soft spots” in the cranium of a child that are not yet completely ossified

A

Fontanelles

66
Q

What name is given to the spaces in compact bone that contain osteocytes

A

Lacunae

67
Q

To what group of bones does the temporal bone belong

A

Cranial

68
Q

What name is given to the membrane that lines the medullary cavity

A

Endosteum

69
Q

Name the type of cell that builds bone tissue

A

Osteoblasts

70
Q

Name the type of cell that destroys the matrix of bone

A

Osteoclasts

71
Q

What is the name for the immovable joint in the skull formed where skull bones fuse together

A

Suture

72
Q

Which cranial bone has a shape that resembles a bat

A

Sphenoid

73
Q

Name the part of bone that contains water, collagen and minerals like calcium

A

Matrix

74
Q

Name the cells that develop into osteoblasts

A

Osteogenic cells

75
Q

To what major division of the skeleton do the pectoral and pelvic girdles belong

A

Appendicular

76
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A

Supports, protects, produces blood cells, movement, mineral, homeostasis, stores fat

Physiology Test (5 decks)

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