Chapter 6 Flashcards
Dev Sol
Revolutionary People’s Liberation Front, formed in 1978 following a split with the Turkish People’s Liberation Front, is a Marxist organization that is violently anti-NATO and anti-USA
Euzkadi Ta Azkatasuna (ETA)
Founded by young nationalists in 1952, it is a Basque separatist group fighting for independence from Spain
EOKA
National Organization of Cypriot Fighters - dedicated to the ending of British colonial rule in Cyprus
Executive Order 13224
An executive order signed into law by former U.S. president George W. Bush on September 23, 2001, in response to the September 11, 2011, attacks
November 17
Revolutionary organization November 17, a Greek Marxist terror group - its operations were ceased around 2002
Red Army Faction (RAF)
left-wing German militant group that morphed from the Baader-Meinhof gang in the 1960s
Domestic terrorism in Spain have been the domain of what terrorist group?
ETA
Greek terrorism has been the exclusive providence of what group?
November 17
This iron fist dictator came into power during the Spanish Civil War of 1936-1939
Francisco Franco
What was Franco’s plan to deal with Basque Nationalists?
Suppress them at all costs by incorporating the Basque region into Spain and outlawing their culture and language
Under Executive Order 13224, ETA was designated as what?
Specially Designated Global Terrorist Organization
True or False
ETA was not originally formed as a terrorist group?
True; they were given no option but to retaliate to the Basques
Where did ETA get most of their support?
Working classes. Members came from regions that identify with strong and unique ethnic identity of the Basque people.
True/False
Since the ’50s, ETA has been riddled with internal squabbling, bitter dissension, and discontent?
True
Where did ETA members receive their training?
Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP) in South Yemen
The Basque Socialist Coalition, known as the Herri Batasuna (Peoples Unity) Party is led by who?
Arnoldo Ortiz
What does ANF stand for? What were they?
Accion Nacional Espanila; a right-wing terror movement that targeted Basque separatists
When was ANF formed?
1970s
Spain combated terrorism with its paramilitary special ops group. What was their name?
Grupo Especial De Operaciones (GEO)
What is GEO?
Part of Spain’s National Police that is stationed in Guadalajara
What does GRAPO stand for?
Grupa De Resistencia Antifascista Primo Octobre
What was GRAPO?
a left-wing terror group active in the ’70s at about the same time as FRAP
What was Spain’s 9-11 attack?
The attack on Madrid’s rail system on March 11, 2004.
True/False
Spain’s 9-11 attack was the worst act of terrorism on Spanish soil?
True
Why wasn’t ETA behind the rail attack?
- ETA has usually claimed responsibility for its attack, but did not do so on this occasion
- ETA has invariably given advance warnings of its attacks, often to minimize civilian casualties
- The leader of the banned Batasuna Party publicly denied any ETA involvement and indicated an Arabic involvement
- If behind the attacks, ETA would have had to change its targets away from the police, judiciary, and politicians, and target the public in general
True/False
ETA was behind the rail system attack
False
Even though France seen the same level of terrorist activity as other European countries, its still threatened. Why?
Its large immigrant population threatened by jihadists trained and in tribal regions borders
Why is France considered an ideal location from which to strike and hide?
It has borders with Spain, Italy, Germany, Switzerland, Belgium, and Luxembourg. Its efficient transportation network of roads, air, sea, and rail systems.
Where is the home base for the PFLP?
France
True/False
The PFLP was one of the most militant and aggressive Palestinian groups linked to the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO)
True
Who is Carlos the Jackal?
Ilich Ramirez Sanchez
What attack were the Jackal linked to?
1972 - Massacre of 11 Israeli athletes at the Munich Olympic Games
1973 - Edward Sieff was attacked and wounded, his family owned Marks and Spencers
1974 - Armed assault and takeover of the French Embassy in The Hague by Japanese Red Army
1975 - Two French Intelligence agents were killed while investigating the Orly Airport attck
1975- Attack on the OPEC headquarters in Vienna in which three people died
1976- Air France, airliner hijacked to Entebbe, Uganda
1982 - Bombing attack on the Paris - Toulouse Express
1983 - Bombing attack on Marseille’s main railway terminal killing 5 people
Japanese Red Army (JRA)
Group pledged to a worldwide Marxist revolution and actively supported and was very much involved in the Palestinian struggle in the Middle East
What attacks did they participate in?
Ferocious attack on Lod Airport in Israel, killing Puerto Rican pilgrims in the departure lounge.
Action Direct (AD)
A Marxist terrorist group that were considered a left-wing revolutionary group
Who helped support the AD’s campaign against NATO?
Communist Combatant Cells (CCC)
Red Brigade (RB)
Red Army Faction (RAF)
True/False
France has been the breeding ground for unwelcome guests like Front de Liberation Nationale de la Corse (FLNC) and the extreme left-wing AD group
True
The most aggressive groups operating out of Paris are
PLO and Armed Islamic Group (GIA)
In the mid-1990’s, what did GIA’s actions in France include?
Attacks on the Paris Metro subway system
Who is Richard Reid?
The shoe bomber who tried to bomb an American Airlines flight bound to Miami from Paris on December 22, 2001
Who are the 3 converts to Islam?
Richard Reid
David Courtailler
Jerome Courtailler
True/False
Reid was sentenced to life in prison in Boston on January 30, 2003.
True
July 1932, The Nazi party held what percent of the seats in German Parliament
38 percent
What did Hitler call his government?
The Third Reich
What are the name of the camps during the Holocaust
Belsen
Auschwitz
Buchenwald
Dachau
Who protested against American involvement in Vietnam?
The student left-wing radicals at Berlin Free University
