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Medical Terminology > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

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USMLE® Step 1 flashcards
1
Q

blood production

A

hematopoiesis

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2
Q

functions of bones

A

support, movement, formation of blood cells, storage of fat in marrow, storage and release of minerals

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3
Q

prevention, correction of deformities of musculoskeletal system, esp bones, muscles, joints, ligaments

A

orthopedics

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4
Q

marrow that functions formation of erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets

A

red marrow

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5
Q

heel bone

A

calcaneus

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6
Q

ankle bones

A

tarsals

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7
Q

pelvic bones

A

ilium, ischium, pubis

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8
Q

resembling bone

A

osteoid

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9
Q

process by which organic tissue becomes hardened by deposits of calcium

A

calcification

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10
Q

loss of calcium from bone or teeth

A

decalcification

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11
Q

painful spine

A

rachiodynia, rachialgia

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12
Q

between 2 adjoining vertebrae

A

intervertebral

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13
Q

dull aching pain in lower back

A

lumbago

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14
Q

spinal cord or bone marrow

A

myel/o

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15
Q

inflammation of spinal cord or bone marrow

A

myelities

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16
Q

replacement of bone marrow by fibrous tissue

A

myelofibrosis

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17
Q

infection of bone and bone marrow by infectious microorganisms

A

osteomyelitis

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18
Q

stiff

A

ankyl/o

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19
Q

articulation, joint

A

arthr/o

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20
Q

weakness

A

-asthenia

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21
Q

bursa

A

burs/o

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22
Q

calcium

A

calc/o

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23
Q

little cell or compartment

A

cellul/o

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24
Q

cartilage

A

chondr/o

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25
Q

down, from, reversing

A

de-

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26
Q

change or next in a series

A

meta-

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27
Q

malignant tumor of connective tissue

A

-sarcoma

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28
Q

tendon

A

ten/o, tend/o, tenin/o

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29
Q

place of union between 2 or more bones

A

articulation

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30
Q

joints that have cavities between articulating bones

A

synovial

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31
Q

sacs of fluid located in areas of friction

A

bursae

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32
Q

circular movement of a limb at the far end

A

circumduction

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33
Q

support and strengthen joints

A

ligaments

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34
Q

disease characterized by widespread nonarticular pain of the torso, extremities and face

A

fibromyalgia

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35
Q

tissue replaced by fibrous tissue

A

myofibrosis

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36
Q

myasthenia gravis

A

characterized by fatigue and muscle weakness resulting from a defect in the conduction of nerve impulses

37
Q

displacement of bone from joint

A

dislocation

38
Q

injury to joint that causes pain and disability

A

sprain

39
Q

strain

A

excessive use of part of the body to extent that it is injured

40
Q

condition in which muscle protrudes through fascial covering

A

myocele

41
Q

motor weakness or partial paralysis

A

paresis

42
Q

partial paralysis of lower limbs

A

paraparesis

43
Q

acute, spreading inflammation of deep subcutaneous tissues

A

cellulitis, myocellulitis if muscle involved

44
Q

inflammation of a bone

A

osteitis

45
Q

infection of bone and bone marrow caused by infectious organisms

A

osteomyelities

46
Q

inflammation of bone and cartilage

A

osteochondritis

47
Q

cancers arising from connective tissues

A

sarcoma

48
Q

tumor composed of masses of cartilage

A

chondrosarcoma

49
Q

malignant tumor containing fibrous tissue

A

fibrosarcoma

50
Q

inhibition of bone marrow

A

myelosuppression

51
Q

multiple myeloma

A

disease characterized by presence of many tumor masses in bone and bone marrow.

52
Q

skeletal disease of elderly persons characterized by chronic bone inflammation

A

osteitis deformans (Paget disease)

53
Q

osteomalacia

A

reversible skeletal disorder characterized by defect in the mineralization of bone (most common a deficiency of vitamin D, which is necessary for proper absorption of calcium

54
Q

softening of vertebrae

A

spondylomalacia

55
Q

metabolic disease in which reduced bone mass leads to subsequent fractures, most affecting postmenopausal women, sedentary individuals

A

osteoporosis

56
Q

congenital abnormality characterized by defective closure of the bones of the spine

A

spina bifida

57
Q

group of inherited diseases characterized by weakness, atrophy of muscle without involvement of nervous system, progressive disability

A

muscular dystrophy

58
Q

hernial protrusion of brain through a defect in the skull

A

craniocele

59
Q

flatfoot

A

tarsoptosis

60
Q

arthritis

A

inflammatory condition of joint characterized by pain, heat, swelling, redness, limitation of movement

61
Q

form of arthritis in which one or many joints undergo degenerative changes, particularly loss of articular cartilage. a connective tissue disease

A

osteoarthritis

62
Q

second most common connective tissue disease. chronic, systemic disease resulting in joint deformities

A

rheumatoid arthritis

63
Q

rheumatism

A

aute and chronic conditions characterized by inflammation, soreness and stiffness of muscles

64
Q

inflammation of a vertebra

A

spondylarthritis

65
Q

inflammation of cartilage between vertebrae, can cause neighboring vertebrae to fuse

A

rheumatoid spondylitis

66
Q

joint is immobile and stiff

A

ankylosis

67
Q

painful joint

A

arthralgia, arthrodynia

68
Q

Lupus erythmatosus

A

autoimmune disease that involves CT

69
Q

metabolic disease that is a form of acute arthritis. inflammation of joints. hereditary

A

gout

70
Q

hyperuricemia

A

excessive uric acid in blood

71
Q

direct visualization of the interior of a joint using a special fiberoptic endoscope

A

arthroscopy

72
Q

incision of a joint

A

arthrotomy

73
Q

disease of a joint

A

arthropathy

74
Q

calcium therapy, vitamin D, and this medication used to treat osteoporosis

A

anti-osteoporotics

75
Q

procedure in which cement-like substance injected into body of fractured vertebra to stabilize and strengthen it and remove pain

A

vertebroplasty

76
Q

excision of a bunion

A

bunionectomy

77
Q

surgical opening in the skull

A

craniotomy

78
Q

excision of a bone

A

ostectomy

79
Q

excision of a rib

A

costectomy

80
Q

excision of a segment of a skull

A

crainectomy

81
Q

excision of cartilage

A

chondrectomy

82
Q

surgical repair of tendons

A

tendoplasty

83
Q

surgical repair of muscle

A

myoplasty

84
Q

plastic surgery to repair skull

A

cranioplasty

85
Q

surgical removal of bony posterior arch of vertebra to permit surgical access to the disk so herniated material can be removed

A

laminectomy

86
Q

complete excision of an intervertebral disk

A

diskectomy

87
Q

used to reduce inflammation of arthritis

A

anti arthritics, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) - celebrex

88
Q

surgical reconstruction of a joint

A

arthroplasty

89
Q

myelosuppression

A

inhibition of bone marrow

Medical Terminology (11 decks)

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