Chapter 6 Flashcards
essential amino acids
cannot be synthesized; must be acquired fully formed from food or another outside source
cellulose
structural polysaccharides of plants and algae
chitin
structural carbohydrate in animals
vitamin
organic compounds that animals must obtain in small quantities from food or another outside source because the compounds cannot be synthesized by the animal
suspension feeding
feeding on objects suspended in water
digestion
breakdown of food molecules by enzyme action into smaller chemical components than an animal is capable of distributing to the tissues of its body
absorption
entry of molecules into the living tissues of an animal from outside those tissues
bile salts
chemical emulsifying agents secreted into the midgut by the biliary system of the liver
composition of animal bodies
proteins»lipids»minerals»nucleic acids»carbs
why is nitrogen limiting in ecosystems?
N gas is abundant but in inaccessible to animals in this state; it must be fixed by bacteria in order for animals to use it
roles of lipids in animal bodies
adipose tissue, cell membranes, hormones
role of toxins: feeding
venoms (scorpions, spiders, snakes)
role of toxins: defense
defense against predation (bees, wasps, some snakes, frogs, etc…)
why suspension feeding good?
lots of krill
how do hydrothermal vent worms get energy
sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic bacteria live in its trophosome that require H2S
