Chapter 6

Question 1

Question 1 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following reflexes are present at birth and disappear completely after 3 to 4 months?

Question 1 options:

Babinski

Grasping

Moro

Rooting

Sucking

Swimming

Answer 1

moro, rooting, sucking

Question 2

Question 2 (1 point)

Listen
There is an increasing belief among researchers that perceptual and motor development occur more or less in isolation.

Question 2 options:
True
False

Answer 2

False

Question 3

Question 3 (1 point)

Listen
Myelination in the areas of the brain associated with focusing attention is not complete until the end of middle and late childhood.

Question 3 options:
True
False

Answer 3

True

Question 4

Question 4 (1 point)

Listen
Infants can discriminate between some colors (e.g. red and green) immediately at birth.

Question 4 options:
True
False

Answer 4

True

Question 5

Question 5 (1 point)

Listen
Elizabeth Spelke has found that infants as young as _______ months of age expect objects to be solid and continuous. However, at this age infants do not expect objects to obey gravitational constraints.

Question 5 options:

two

four

six

eight

Answer 5

Four

Question 6

Question 6 (1 point)

Listen
Which behavior of newborns is thought to predict hand preference later in life?

Question 6 options:

Consistent use of one hand to grasp things.

Direction of eye gaze while looking at things.

Direction of head position while lying on one’s back in early infancy.

Tendency to roll to the right or left while lying down.

Answer 6

Direction of head position while lying on one’s back in early infancy

Question 7

Question 7 (1 point)
Saved

Listen
In a famous experiment, DeCasper and Spence (1986) had 16 women in the later months of pregnancy read The Cat in the Hat to their fetuses. Then, shortly after the infants were born, the mothers read to their babies either The Cat in the Hat (one group) or other stories (the other group). By measuring sucking-rate in the babies of both groups, DeCasper and Spence concluded that:

Question 7 options:

hearing does not develop substantially in the womb.

fetuses can hear and the brain has a remarkable ability to learn before birth.

babies could not distinguish between the stories read to them inside and outside the womb.

the babies exposed to The Cat in the Hat had “learned” the story.

Answer 7

Fetuses can hear and the brain has a remarkable ability to learn before birth

Question 8

Question 8 (1 point)

Listen
Affordances are opportunities for interaction offered by objects that are necessary to perform functional activities.

Question 8 options:
True
False

Answer 8

True

Question 9

Question 9 (1 point)

Listen
The __________ reflex is appropriate to breast-feeding and the neonatal startle reflex is also known as the __________ reflex.

Question 9 options:

grasping; Babinski

Babinski; Moro

rooting; Babinski

rooting; Moro

Answer 9

rooting; Moro

Question 10

Question 10 (1 point)

Listen
The visual cliff experiments are informed by which of the following perspectives on perception?

Question 10 options:

constructivist

ecological

ethological

information processing

Answer 10

ecological

Question 11

Question 11 (1 point)

Listen
It is not until age two that infants’ visual acuity approaches that of adults.

Question 11 options:
True
False

Answer 11

False

Question 12

Question 12 (1 point)

Listen
Just give this one a try. Infants prefer to grasp objects with one (preferred) hand at what age?

Question 12 options:

At about three months.

At about seven months.

Between 12 and 18 months.

After age two.

Answer 12

At about 7 months

Question 13

Question 13 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following researchers instigated the “visual cliff” experiments.

Question 13 options:

Haith & Spelke

Gibson & Walk

James & Watson

Piaget & Vygotsky

Answer 13

Gibson and Walk

Question 14

The human newborn’s vision is estimated to be _______ on the Snellen chart, which is used for eye exams.

Question 14 options:

20/20

20/40

20/120

20/240

Answer 14

20/240

Question 15

Question 15 (1 point)

Listen
When infants were placed on one side of the visual cliff, they refused to go to their mothers who were coaxing them onward from the other side of the cliff. The resulting behavior on the part of most infants was cited as evidence for which of the following?

Question 15 options:

depth perception

visual acuity

inability to hear at a distance

inability to crawl

Answer 15

depth perception

Question 16

Question 16 (1 point)

Listen
As opposed to the constructivist perspective, the ecological perspective on perception emphasizes which of the following?

Question 16 options:

The existence of an “internal representation” of what is perceived.

The adaptive functions of perception.

The idea of “affordances” in the environment.

The first two answers both are correct.

The second and third answers both are correct.

Answer 16

The second and third answers are correct

Question 17

Question 17 (1 point)

Listen
__________-year-old children have the highest activity level of any age in the human life span.

Question 17 options:

Two

Three

Four

Five

Answer 17

Three

Question 18

Question 18 (1 point)

Listen
Typically, infants learn to walk at about six months of age.

Question 18 options:
True
False

Answer 18

False

Question 19

Question 19 (1 point)

Listen
Researchers have found that prior to learning how to walk, all infants crawl in all cultures.

Question 19 options:
True
False

Answer 19

False

Question 20

Question 20 (1 point)

Listen
Which researcher(s) first used the “looking chamber” to study infant visual preferences.

Question 20 options:

Terry Brazelton

Rachel Clifton

Robert Fantz

Meltzoff & Borton

Answer 20

Robert Fantz

Question 21

Question 21 (1 point)

Listen
Our textbook credits Esther Thelen for proposing which theory of motor development?

Question 21 options:

constructivism

dynamic systems theory

ecological theory

social constructivism

Answer 21

dynamic systems theory

Question 22

Question 22 (1 point)

Listen
Perception involves psychological interpretation. Sensation does not.

Question 22 options:
True
False

Answer 22

True

Question 23

Question 23 (1 point)

Listen
Researchers have concluded that infants as young as one month of age have depth perception.

Question 23 options:
True
False

Answer 23

False

Question 24

Question 24 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following best describes “habituation and dishabituation” as a method of studying infant perception?

Question 24 options:

Presenting a stimulus to see if the infant turns its head toward it.

Presenting an infant with two stimuli and looking through a peephole to see which stimulus the infant fixates on more often.

Presenting a stimulus over and over again until the infant loses interest, then altering the stimulus to see if the infant regains its interest.

In the case of visual perception, moving an object back and forth to see if the infant tracks it visually.

Answer 24

Presenting a stimulus over and over again until the infant losese interest, then altering the stimulus to see if the infant regains its interest

Question 25

Question 25 (1 point) Listen You are shown a picture of a ball and you must use your right hand to select an object of that sort from a number of objects that you cannot see. This ability involves __________ perception, since visual perception must be linked with tactile perception. Question 25 options: auditory discriminant intermodal visual

Answer 25

intermodal

Question 26

Question 26 (1 point) Listen At birth, infants cannot see small objects that are far away. Question 26 options: True False

Answer 26

True