Chapter 10

Question 1

Question 1 (1 point)

Listen
Research shows that in the majority of cases, babbling is intended to be communicative.

Question 1 options:
True
False

Answer 1

False

Question 2

Question 2 (1 point)

Listen
Please fill in the blank. Noam Chomsky proposes a LAD, or “language acquisition _______________.”

Answer 2

device

Question 3

Question 3 (1 point)

Listen
Please fill in the blank using NUMERICAL form. How many BOUND morphemes are in the sentence ?He picked up the flashlight??

Answer 3

1

Question 4

Question 4 (1 point)

Listen
First words usually are uttered between _______ and _______ months of age.

Question 4 options:

4; 8

6; 10

10; 15

18;24

Answer 4

10;15

Question 5

Question 5 (1 point)

Listen
Please fill in the blank. “He picked up the flashlight.” In this sentence /flash/ and /light/ are _______________ morphemes.

Answer 5

free

Question 6

Question 6 (1 point)

Listen
Damage to Broca’s area often causes problems in speech production, whereas damage to Wernicke’s area often causes problems in language comprehension.

Question 6 options:
True
False

Answer 6

True

Question 7

Question 7 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following would you think is NOT a common characteristic of first words?

Question 7 options:

They are concerned with the “here and now.”

They often consist of reduplicated syllables.

They include at least one bound morpheme.

They are often specific nominals.

Answer 7

They include at least one bound morpheme

Question 8

Question 8 (1 point)

Listen
Please fill in the blank. The average 18-month-old can speak about 50 words. But by the age of two children can speak about 200 words. This rapid increase in vocabulary that begins at about 18 months is called the vocabulary ______________.

Answer 8

spurt

Question 9

Question 9 (1 point)

Listen
Linguists distinguish between “free” and “bound” (or grammatical) morphemes. Free morphemes can be used as words by themselves, whereas bound morphemes cannot. For example, the word “flashlight” has two free morphemes (“flash” and “light”) and the word “looked” has one free and one bound morpheme (“look” and “ed” respectively). (The latter (“ed”) serves to signal past tense.) How many TOTAL MORPHEMES are in the sentence “He looked at the flashlight, but did not pick it up”?

Question 9 options:

11

12

13

14

Answer 9

13

Question 10

Question 10 (1 point)

Listen
According to Patricia Kuhl, children begin to lose their status as “universal linguists” at about six months of age. (You might recall that “universal linguist” means that infants can distinguish each of the 150 sounds that make up human speech in all languages.) According to Kuhl, when have infants completely lost their status as universal languists?

Question 10 options:

at 8 months

at 12 months

at 16 months

at 24 months

Answer 10

at 12 months

Question 11

Question 11 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following represents the correct developmental progression of speech-related sounds during the first year of life?

Question 11 options:

From crying to cooing, duplicated babbling, then variegated babbling.

From duplicated and variegated babbling to cooing, then first words.

Echoing, labeling, recasting, then expanding.

From using general nominals to using idiomorphs, overextensions, and then underextensions.

Answer 11

crying, cooing, dup babbling, var babbling

Question 12

Question 12 (1 point)

Listen
Please fill in the blank using NUMERICAL form. A national assessment has shown that fourth-grade children had higher scores on a national reading test when they read _______ or more pages daily for school and homework.

Answer 12

11

Question 13

Question 13 (1 point)

Listen
Which of the following best characterizes what Jean Berko concluded from her studies.

Question 13 options:

Children can use invented words.

Children possess morphological rules.

Children are pragmatically competent.

Children possess semantic networks.

Answer 13

children possess morphological rules

Question 14

Question 14 (1 point)

Listen
Children with Williams Syndrome have excellent verbal skills but low IQ.

Question 14 options:
True
False

Answer 14

True

Question 15

Question 15 (1 point)

Listen
“Mama” is a _______________ nominal, while “ball” is a ________________ nominal.

Question 15 options:

contextual; referential

functional; overextended

general; specific

specific; general

Answer 15

specific; general

Question 16

Research has shown that deaf children who have no command of written or sign language perform at the same level on some problem-solving tasks as peers without hearing problems. This research supports the view that:

Question 16 options:

cognition is an important foundation of language.

cognition is universal and language is irrelevant to cognition.

language is an important foundation for thinking.

perception and experience must give rise to language functions in humans.

Answer 16

cognition is an important foundation of language

Question 17

Janellen Huttenlocher and colleagues have found evidence that language acquisition may depend upon the environment to a larger extent than theorists such as Noam Chomsky propose. Huttenlocher has found a remarkable link between the size of a child’s vocabulary and:

Question 17 options:

the talkativeness of her or his mother.

the quality of the child’s schooling.

the socioeconomic status of the child’s family.

the verbal IQ of his or her mother.

Answer 17

the talkativeness of her or his mother

Question 18

Which of the following illustrates telegraphic speech?

Question 18 options:

“No!”

“baa-baa-baa-baa . . .”

“Daddy go work?”

“I want to go!”

Answer 18

daddy go work

Question 19

A child refers to all four-legged animals as “doggie.” This is most likely an example of a(n) ____________________.

Question 19 options:

idiomorph

holophrase

overextension

underextension

Answer 19

overextension

Question 20

A parent takes their child to the library. However, the child does not appear to understand that she needs to keep her voice down while in the library. This may be an example of the child?s limited _______________ skills.

Question 20 options:

competence

morphological

pragmatic

syntactic

Answer 20

pragmatic

Question 21

Please fill in the blank. Loss or impairment of language ability caused by brain damage is called _______________.

Question 21 options:

Answer 21

aphasia

Question 22

_______________ is the ability for children to talk about things that are not physically present. Children who are at least three years of age are more likely to exhibit this ability than two-year-olds.

Question 22 options:

Abstraction

Blending

Displacement

Echoing

Answer 22

displacement

Question 23

Displacement is seen often in children who are three years old and older.

Question 24 options:
True
False

Answer 23

true

Question 24

This is a multiple-answer question. Identify all characteristics of the “whole-language” approach to reading instruction. (Clue: Three answers are correct.)

Question 25 options:

A. There is an emphasis on phonics.

B. Instruction paralleling the “natural language” learning of children.

C. Simplified materials are used for reading.

D. Instruction is geared toward the understanding of language’s communicative function.

E. Integration of reading with other skills and subjects, such as science and social studies.

F. A delay in the reading of “whole” materials, such as stories and poems.

Answer 24

B, D, E

Question 25

Please fill in the blank using NUMERICAL form. At about _______ years of age, children develop a remarkable sensitivity to the needs of others in conversation, for example by using the articles "the" and "an" (or "a").

Answer 25

4

Question 26

The "whole-language approach" to reading instruction: Question 27 options: A. emphasizes that reading instruction should teach phonics and its basic rules for translating written symbols into sounds. B. stresses the use of simplified materials in early reading instruction. C. involves the use of "whole" and meaningful reading materials to help children learn to understand language's communicative function. D. involves the use of reading materials that are extremely challenging for children to understand so that they can make more rapid progress in reading.

Answer 26

C

Question 27

Which of the following theorists proposes an INTERACTIONIST approach to language acquisition that emphasizes sociocultural context and includes biological development? Question 28 options: Jerome Bruner Noam Chomsky Goldin-Meadow Steven Pinker

Answer 27

Jerome Bruner

Question 28

Question 29 (1 point) Listen Which of the following is NOT a positive aspect--or result--of bilingualism? Question 29 options: Having better skills at detecting grammatical errors. Performing better on tests of attentional control. Performing better on reading tests. The exhibition of cognitive flexibility.

Answer 28

C

Question 29

Jean Berko's famous "words and wugs" research is concerned primarily with _______________. Question 30 options: morphology pragmatics semantics vocabulary

Answer 29

morphology

Question 30

Match the rule systems of language with their definitions. Question 31 options: syntax semantics morphology pragmatics phonology 1. It is concerned with grammar, or the ability to combine words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. 2. It is concerned with meaning. 3. It is the sound system of a language. 4. It is concerned with the units of meaning involved in word formation. 5. It is concerned with the abilty to use language in context.

Answer 30

1. It is concerned with grammar, or the ability to combine words to form acceptable phrases and sentences. **syntax** 2. It is concerned with meaning. **semantics** 3. It is the sound system of a language. **phonology** 4. It is concerned with the units of meaning involved in word formation. **morphology** 5. It is concerned with the abilty to use language in context. **pragmatics**

Question 31

Shawn, who is 12 months old, shows that he knows the meanings of many words than he can use. This is characteristic of infants' ________________ vocabularies at this age. Question 32 options: intonational productive receptive syntactic

Answer 31

receptive

Question 32

Please fill in the blank using NUMERICAL form. Infants begin to use meaningful gestures, such as pointing or nodding the head to say "yes," at about _______ to 12 months of age.

Answer 32

8

Question 33

On average, infants utter their first word at about _______ months. Question 34 options: 8 13 18 24

Answer 33

13

Question 34

Please match the strategy of speech used by adults to enhance the child's acquisition of language with its proper example. Question 35 options: echoing recasting expanding labeling 1. A father rephrases what a child says in the form of a question. 2. A mother identifies the name of a thing for her child. 3. A baby sitter restates what a child says in a more sophisticated way. 4. Â A father repeats what his daughter says, perhaps as a way of informing her that what she has said is correct

Answer 34

Please match the strategy of speech used by adults to enhance the child's acquisition of language with its proper example. Question 35 options: echoing recasting expanding labeling 1. A father rephrases what a child says in the form of a question. 2. A mother identifies the name of a thing for her child. 3. A baby sitter restates what a child says in a more sophisticated way. 4. Â A father repeats what his daughter says, perhaps as a way of informing her that what she has said is correct

Question 35

Think carefully about this one. Over the course of a couple weeks, a child consistently says "ba-ba-ba-ba" while reaching her bottle. This PROBABLY is an example of ____________________. Question 36 options: a first word an idiomorph duplicated babbling variegated babbling

Answer 35

idiopmorph

Question 36

Children usually are UNABLE to print their first name at age five. Question 37 options: True False

Answer 36

false