chapter 6 Flashcards
What departments did Washington create in his administration, what were they responsible for and whom did he appoint to head them?
Department of State, to deal with foreign affairs (Thomas Jefferson)
Department of War, to handle military matters (Henry Knox)
Department of the Treasury, to manage finances (Alexander Hamilton)
Edmund Randolph as attorney general, the chief lawyer of the federal government
Explain the compromise between Jefferson and Hamilton to allow for the creation of the National Bank.
Hamilton’s Plan: Jefferson and his supporters agreed to Hamilton’s plan for the federal government to assume state debts and create a National Bank.
New Capital Location: To satisfy Southerners, the national capital was moved to the South, along the Potomac River, where Washington, D.C., would be established.
Elastic clause
Why did Washington distrust the political party system?
Jefferson distrusted a strong central government and the rich. He favored strong state and local governments rooted in popular participation. Washington distrusted the two-party system calling it the “spirit of the party” since he saw it as a danger to national unity. Despite this, the two-parties continued to develop.
What were the reasons for issuing the declaration of neutrality in 1793 and who made this decision?
Washington made a statement that the United States would support neither side in the conflict. Hamilton and Jefferson came to agree to enter a war was not in the new nation’s interest.
What problems did the election of 1796 underscore? What was the amendment passed as a result?
What effect did the XYZ affair have on U.S.-French relations (1796)?
Adams sent three people to talk with the French but only a low level official met with them and they said they needed to pay 250k just to talk with the French leader.
“Millions for defense, but not one cent for tribute”
Congress created a navy departnment to sieze French vessels
12k men marched to precedence residency and brought George Washington out from retirement to help with the General Position
What measures were contained in the Alien and Sedition Acts (1798)?
The Alien and Sedition Acts were four laws passed in 1798 by Congress, which was controlled by the Federalists. These laws were created to deal with what the Federalists saw as threats to the government. The Alien Acts made it harder to become a U.S. citizen by raising the residency requirement from 5 years to 14 years. They also gave the president the power to deport or jail non-citizens who were considered dangerous. The Sedition Act punished people who spoke out against the government by setting fines and jail time for anyone who made “false, scandalous, and malicious statements.” This law was used to jail Democratic-Republican editors, publishers, and politicians. Many Democratic-Republicans were angry and said the Sedition Act violated the First Amendment, which protects freedom of speech.
How did Jefferson simplify the federal government?
He simplified the government through various actions which included his walk to his own inauguration instead of riding in a carriage. Additionally, as president, he took off his powdered wig and wore work clothes and slippers. He also attempted to reduce the size of the army by halting expansion of the navy and lowering the expenses for government social functions. Furthermore, he did not take up Hamilton’s economic program by eliminating all internal taxes and reducing the influence of the Bank of the United States.
What were the Virginia and Kentucky resolutions?
The Kentucky Resolutions in particular asserted the principle of nullification—that states had the right to nullify, or consider void, any act of Congress that they deemed unconstitutional. Virginia and Kentucky viewed the Alien and Sedition Acts as unconstitutional violations of First Amendment citizens rights. Moreover, Virginia and Kentucky claimed the right to declare null and void federal laws going beyond powers granted by the Constitution to the Federal government.
Which party favored the expansion of the United States and why?
The party that favored the expansion of the United States was the Democratic- republicans since it benefited the farmers most. They wanted a simpler government which involved the state more. When Jefferson made the Louisiana purchase, he was only thinking about the land that the farmers could use. As he supported them over people who were already rich and merchants etc.
Explain what Implied Powers mean then give examples from Chapter 6 of the use of “Implied Powers” of the Constitution.
Implied powers are powers where the Federal government can imply that the Constitution could imply something. For example, the national bank that Hamtilon attempted to make. His argument about whether or not it was constitutional was that it wasn’t implied that they couldn’t do it, even though it never implied that they could. Additionally, Jefferson, making the Louisiana Purchase, said it was implied (using the same argument as Hamilton) to support why his purchase with the French was constitutional or not.
What events led to the War of 1812?
Neutral Rights
Madison’s main message to Congress was for the respect of the US self determination for trade
The British repeatedly violated and insulted American shipping
a.) Orders in Council
Setup virtual blockade for Europe → vessels heading for continental ports had to buy licenses to trade & ships had to accept British inspections or be liable to seizure
b.) Napoleon’s “Continental System”
Set up a virtual and literal blockade of Europe → French blockade of the British Isles & any neutral ships that complied with the British regulations would be subject to seizure when they reached continental ports.
c.) Impressment
British boarded American vessels and forced British sailors to serve in the British navy in order to help fight the French
Chesapeake Incident → when they refused to be boarded, British fired upon the US frigate which killed 3 and wounded 18
d.) Battle of Tippecanoe
The Shawnee leader, Tecumseh, sought to unite Indian tribes against the westward expanding Americans
Governor William Henry Harrison of Indiana Territory saw the danger of a united Native American force and struck out against the Shawnee capital, Prophet’s town, while Tecumseh was away
Upon defeating the Shawnee at the battle of Tippecanoe, Harrison discovered the Native Americans were being supplied by the British in Canada.
Why was the Battle of New Orleans a significant victory for the Americans?
Andrew Jackson led a series of 4 battles defeating British and Native-American allies. 2 weeks after the War of 1812 was officially over, Jackson defeated British troops at New Orleans. It’s most remembered because it was the first time anyone had defeated a British navy. Additionally, it made the New Orleans port available for trading and merchants of America.
cabinet
head of the departments washington made
Judiciary Act of 1789
Judicial act of 1789 provided for a Supreme Court consisting of a chief of justice and five associate justices
