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Quiz Chapter 6 > Chapter 6 > Flashcards

Chapter 6 Flashcards

1
Q

3 Major phases of water cycle

A

Evaporation
Condensation
Precipitation

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2
Q

Components and Flow in Water Systems

A

Source
Supply
Distribution
Use
Collection
Disposal
Treatment

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3
Q

Flow of water (& water carried wastes) should always be _

A

only in one direction (from supply to disposal)

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4
Q

Sources of Water

A

Rain Water
Natural Surface Water
Ground Water

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5
Q

__________ for drinking should be boiled, chlorinated or otherwise strerilized

A

Cistern Water

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6
Q

Water is soft & pure and is suitable for the hot water supply system

A

Advantages of Rain Water

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7
Q

Rainwater is collected from

A

roofs of buildings and special water sheds and stored in cisterns or ponds

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8
Q

Disadvantage of rainwater

A

only a source during the wet season
storage becomes a breeding place for mosquitos
roofs may not be clean

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9
Q

Obtained from ponds, lakes, and rivers

A

Natural Surface Water

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10
Q

Advantages of natural surface water

A

easy to acquire
usually in large quantities
used for ittigation, industrial, purposes and when treated for community water supply

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11
Q

Disadvantage of natural surface water

A

contains a large amounts of bacteria, organic, and inorganic substances
Purification and treatment is necessary

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12
Q

From springs and wells and is the principal source of water for domestic use in most rural areas

A

Ground Water

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13
Q

Requires less treatment because of natural filtering

A

Ground Water

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14
Q

May have organic matter and chemical elements; _____ is suggested

A

treatment

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15
Q

Water treatment problems

A

Acidity
Hardness
Turbidity
Color
Pollution

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16
Q

Cause of Acidity

A

Entranceo f oxygen and carbon dioxide

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17
Q

Effects of acidity

A

Corrosion of non-ferrous pipes
Rusting and cloggind of steel pipes

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18
Q

Correction of Acidity

A

Raising alkaline content by the introduction of a neutralizer (sodium silicate)

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19
Q

Cause of Hardness

A

Presence of magnesium and calcium salts

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20
Q

Effects of Hardness

A

Clogging of pipes
Impaired laundry and cooking

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21
Q

Correction of Hardness

A

Boiling
Use of an ion exchanger (zeolite process)

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22
Q

Cause of Turbidity

A

Silt or mus in surface or in ground

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23
Q

Effects of turbidity

A

Discoloration
Bad Taste

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24
Q

Correction of Turbidity

A

Filtration

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25
Q

Cause of color

A

presence if iron and manganese

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26
Q

effects of color

A

discoloration of fixtures and laundry

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27
Q

correction of color

A

oxidizing filter

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28
Q

cause of pollution

A

contamination by organic matter or sewage

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29
Q

effects of pollution

A

disease

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30
Q

correction of pollution

A

chlorination

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31
Q

produces hardness

A

calcium, magnesium

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32
Q

bad taste and odor, higly corrosive to plumbing, stains clothing

A

sulfur

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33
Q

bad taste, highly corrosive

A

salt

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34
Q

Stains clothing & plumbing fixtures,
interferes with water softeners, iron bacteria
clogs pipes

A

Iron

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35
Q

Unhealthy; may cause poliomyelitis

A

Pathogenic germs

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36
Q

Highly corrosive, picks up lead, stains
clothing

A

Acid

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37
Q

bad taste and odor

A

algae

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38
Q

Aeration

A

Carbon dioxide, Hydrogen Sulfide

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39
Q

Coagulation and Setling Process

A

Suspended Material

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40
Q

Chemicals and Sand Filtration

A

Bacteria

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41
Q

Addition of water softeners

A

Calcium and Magnesium

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42
Q

Iron Filters

A

Iron

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43
Q

Chlorination

A

Sulfur

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44
Q

Disinfection

A

Pathogenic Germs

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45
Q

Marble of Limestone Filtration

A

Acid

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46
Q

Spraying the water into the atmosphere through jets or passing it over rough surfaces to remove entrained noxious gases such as carbon dioxide or hydrogen sulfide

A

Aeration

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47
Q

Addition of coagulants, such as ferrous sulfate and line, to the water which cause the larger suspended particles to form a gelatinous mass whoch precipitates readily.

A

Coagulation and Precipitation

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48
Q

Water is passed through layers of sand and gravel in concrete basins in order to remove the finer suspended particles

A

Filtration

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49
Q

Water is passes through basins so sediments can settle through a period of time

A

Sedimentation

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50
Q

Water is injected with hypo-chlorite gas to kill the harmful bacteria

A

Chlorination

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51
Q

Types of wells

A

Shallow
deep

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52
Q

Individual Well Springs

A

Dug Well
Bored Well
Jetted Well
Driven Well
Drilled Well

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53
Q

Most common type
Usually dug manually
Around 15 m deep
Individual Well Springs:
a.k.a. ‘shallow well’

A

Dug Well

54
Q

Similar to dug well, but constructed
using an auger driven in by hand or
with power tools
Seldom hand driven below 15 meters,
but can reach 40+ meters with power tools

A

Bored Well

55
Q

Use of extreme water pressure so as not to affect existing foundations in the vicinity
Used only where ground is relatively soft, hence sometimes referred to as
“Sand-Point Wells

A

Jetted Well

56
Q

Dug with a sharp pointed hollow
slotted iron rod and well screen

Depths are from 10-15 meters

A

Driven Well

57
Q

Used for drilling oil
Can reach up to 1000 m

A

Drilled Well

58
Q

Most Common Sources of Contamination

A

Septic Tank/Leach fields
Livastock Feedlots

59
Q

Locating a well

A

location must not be less than 100 ft. away from such pollution sources

60
Q

True or false
The deeper the well, the better for natural filtration

A

true

61
Q

Methods of Well-Screening

A

Well screens are made of non-corrosive material like brass
Natural material like stones and rock sediment provide additional screening

62
Q

2 Basic Types of Pumps

A

Piston Pumps
Centrifugal Pumps

63
Q

________ (water is drawn in with only 1 motion

A

Single Action

64
Q

______(water is drawn in with either stroke)

A

Double Action

65
Q

water is sucked into a sealed vacuum by use if a piston

A

Piston Pumps

66
Q

Water is drawn into the pump and discharged with a centrifugal force

A

Centrifugal Pumps

67
Q

Types/Classification of Pumps

A

Reciprocating Pumps
Jet Pumps
Rotary Pumps
Submersible Pumps
Sump Pumps
Turbine Pumps

68
Q

piston pumps that operate with controlled speed. The discharge
from a reciprocating pump is pulsating and changes only when
the speed of the pump is changed. Sometimes an air chamber is
introduced to regulate the pulsation

A

Reciprocating Pumps

69
Q

are centrifugal pumps typically used for drawing water up
from a well.

A

Jet Pumps

70
Q

Four types of Jet pumps

A

Deep well
Shallow Well
Convertible
Miniature

71
Q

can discharge from 900 to 1200 GPM

A

Rotary Pumps

72
Q

are designed to be fully immersible within a tank or
other media storage receptacle.
Many common types of pumps can be designed by manufacturers to
be submersibls

A

Sumersible Pumps

73
Q

used in applications where excess water must be
pumped away from a particular area.

A

Sump Pumps

74
Q

are centrifugal pumps used for large applications
because of their multiple impellers
Can discharge up to 2000 GPM

A

Turbine Pumps

75
Q

Types of Tanks for domestic use

A

Overhead Tanks
Cisterns
Pressure Tanks
Hot Water Tanks

76
Q

Main components of gravity supply tanks

A

Supply Pipe
Inlet
Overflow Pipe
Drip Pan
Gate Valves

77
Q

used in air pressure system
often used with a pumo
also makes use of a pressure relief valve, which relieves pressure automatically if necessary

A

Pneumatic Water Tanks

78
Q

Types of Hot Water TAnks

A

Range Boiler
Storage Boiler

79
Q

Small hot water tank (30-60 cm
diameter; 180cm max length)
Made of Galvanized steel sheet, copper or stainless steel
standard working pressure limit is 85 t o150 psi

A

Range Boiler

80
Q

Large hot water tank (60-130 cm
in diameter; 5m max length)
Made of heavy duty material
sheets applied with rust proof paint
Standard working pressure limit is 65 to 100 psi

A

Storage Boiler

81
Q

Function of Valves
Control of the water system

A

Start or shut down a system
Regulate Pressure
Check backflow
Control the direction of water

82
Q

Types of Valves

A

Gate Valve
Globe Valve
Check Valve
Angle Valve
Foot Valve
Safety Valve

83
Q

a.k.a. ‘Full-way Valve’
Used mainly to completely close or
completely open the water line
(does not control flow of water)
Best suited to the main supply and
pump lines wherein operation is
infrequent

A

Gate Valve

84
Q

types of gate valve

A

Wedge shape or tapered disc
double disc valve

85
Q

Controls the flow of water with a
movable spindle
Can reduce water pressure
(throttling)
Only one side of the valve is an inlet

A

Glove Valve

86
Q

3 types of globe valve

A

plug type disc valve for throttling
conventional disc valve(ball type) for shutting
composition disc valve for steam and hot water

87
Q

main function is to prevent reversal of flow (backflow) in the line

A

check valve

88
Q

4 types of check valve

A

the swing check valve
the lift check valve
vertical check valve
horizontal check valve

89
Q

Located at the lower end of the
pumps
Used mainly to prevent loss of
priming of the pumps
a.k.a. ‘Retention Valve’

A

Foot Valve

89
Q

Operates in the same manner as
globe valve (disc & seat design)
Used to make a 90° turn in a line
Reduces number of joints

A

Angle valve

90
Q

Used on water systems, heating systems, compressed air lines and other pipe lines with excessive pressure

A

Safety Valve

91
Q

Types of Faucets/Bibbs

A

Compression Cock
Key Cock
Ball Faucet

92
Q

Operated by the compression of a soft packing upon a metal sheet

A

Compression Cock

93
Q

Operated with a round tapering plug ground to fit a metal sheet

A

Key Cock

94
Q

Has grooves fir for a hose

A

Hose Bibb

95
Q

Constructed with a ball connected to the handle

A

Ball Faucet

96
Q

Defects in Water Distribution Systems

A

Water Hammer
Back Siphonage
Expansion / Contraction
Friction Head Loss

97
Q

A knockingi n the pipes caused when faucets in the lower levels are shut off abruptly or automatically

the force exerted by the decelerating water causes the pipes to shake and rattle

A

Water Hammer

98
Q

The flowing back of used, contaminated or polluted water from a plumbing fixture or vessel into a water supply pipe due to a negative pressure in such pipe

A

Back-Siphonage

99
Q

The flow of water or other liquids, mixtures, or substances into the distributing pipes of a potable supply of water to a tank, plumbing fixture, oro ther device and the flood level rim of the receptacle

A

Back flow

100
Q

Pipes expand and contract due to a continuous changes in temperature
An air space should be provided to allow for breathing room

A

Expansion/Contraction

101
Q

Friction occurs when liquid flowing through the pipe makes contact with the pipe enclosures, thus reducing the speed of water flow

A

Friction Head Loss

102
Q

Water is obtained through a large intake installed on the lake basin and extended into deep water

A

Direct Pressure Distribution

103
Q

Components of Direct Pressure Distribution

A

Water basin
Receiving well
Filtration plant

104
Q

Classification of Public Water Distribution

A

Indirect Pressure Distribution
Direct Pressure DIstribution

105
Q

Water is taken from a drilled well or underground warer
Involves individual special mechanical equipment

A

Indirect Pressure Distribution

106
Q

Parts of the Cold Water Dstribution System

A

Service Pipe
Water MEter
Horizontal Supply Main
Riser
Fixture Branch
Controls & Valves
Storage Tanks
Upfeed System

107
Q

Pipe from the street water main or other sourve of water supply to the building served

A

Service Pipe

108
Q

Device used to measure in liters or gallons the amount of water that passes through the water service

A

Water Meter

109
Q

The principal water distribution pipe running from the water meter from which the various branches and risers to the fixtures are taken

A

Horizontal Supply Main

110
Q

A water supply pipe extending vertically to one full story or more to convey water into pipe branches or plumbing fixtures

A

Riser

111
Q

The water supply pipe between the fixture supply pipe and the water-distributing pipe

A

Fixture Branch

112
Q

used for control, isolation and repair of the water distribution system

A

Controls & Valves

113
Q

Water is provided by the city water companies using normal pressure from public water main

A

Direct Upfeed

114
Q

When pressure supplied by city water supply is not strong enough
Compressed aur is used to raise and push water into the system

A

Air Pressure System (Pneumatic)

115
Q

Water is pumped into a large tank on top of the building and is distributed to the fixtures by means of gravity

A

Downfeed (Overheadfeed) of Gravity System

116
Q

Cold Water Distribution System

A

Upfeed System
Air Pressure System
Overheadfeed System

117
Q

Large pipe is installed at the _ of the riser and the diminishing sizes passes through the _ floors of the building

A

top, lower

118
Q

With a continuing network of pipes to provide constant circulation of water

A

Upfeed and Gravity Return System

119
Q

___________ is immediately drawn form the fixture any time

A

Hot water

120
Q

Hot water rises on top to the highest point of the plumbing system and travles to the fixtures via gravity (closed pipe system)

A

Downfeed and Gravity Return System

121
Q

_____ is dependent on the expansion of hot water and gravity

A

Water Distribution

122
Q

For a more efficien circulation of hot water to the upper floor levels of multi-storey buildings

A

Pump Circuit System

122
Q

Larger pipe is installed at the ____ of the riser and the diminishing sizes passes through the ___ floors of the building

A

bottom, upper

123
Q

2 Types of Water Heating Systems

A

Hot water space heating system
Hot water supply system

124
Q

Water is confined within a system at low temperature

A

Hot Water Space Heating System

125
Q

Not a closed system which operate on much higher temperature

A

Hot Water Supply System

126
Q

Protection of Hot Water Tank

A

System Relief Valve
Temperature and Pressure Relief

127
Q

Used for hot water space heating system

A

System Relief Valve

128
Q
A

Quiz Chapter 6 (5 decks)

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