Chapter 6

Question 1

“Humans are social animals”-

Answer 1

Aristotle

Question 2

When was ASD first mentioned

Answer 2

1943, Leo Kanner called it “infantile autism” as “autistic aloneness” and “obsessive insistence on sameness”

Question 3

ASD

Answer 3

a spectrum of signs/symptoms of impairment, social communication restricted, repetitive behavior patterns

Question 4

When was ASD “expanded in the DSM-5”

Answer 4

2013

Question 5

What did they add to the DSM-5 in 2013?

Answer 5

pervasive developmental disorder, child disintegrative disorder, asperger’s syndrome

Question 6

Deficits in social communications

Answer 6

social-emotional reciprocity, nonverbal communication, interpersonal relationships

Question 7

Social-emotional reciprocity

Answer 7

back and forth conversing “volleying”, including interests and affect/emotions

Question 8

Nonverbal communication

Answer 8

eye contact, gestures, facial expressions, body posture, personal space

Question 9

Interpersonal relationships

Answer 9

display interest in others, ability to make and keep friends

Question 10

Stereotyped or repetitive behaviors

Answer 10

speech (repeating words), motor movements (gestures), or use of objects (lining up key toys)

Question 11

Examples of restricted/repetitive behaviors/interests/activities

Answer 11

excessive adherence to routines or resistance to change, restricted or fixed interests, hyper/hypo-reactivity to sensory input

Question 12

Hyper-reactivity

Answer 12

overstimulated by stimuli

Question 13

Hypo-reactivity

Answer 13

understimulated by stimuli

Question 14

Approximately 44% of autism cases..

Answer 14

will have an IQ below 70

Question 15

What % of ASD children are mute?

Answer 15

25%

Question 16

What % of ASD children show sizable language limitations?

Answer 16

50%

Question 17

Prevalence of US youth population with ASD

Answer 17

1.5% to 2.1%

Question 18

Gender ratio of youth with ASD

Answer 18

boys are 4-4.5x more likely to be diagnosed with ASD; girls generally have more severe expression of ASD

Question 19

2/3 of youth with ASD show atypical precursors by what age?

Answer 19

18 months, the remaining 1/3 won’t display deficits until after 24 months

Question 20

The three factors that predict the long term outcomes of young children with ASD are…

Answer 20

1) social engagement, 2) intellectual ability, and 3) language skills

Question 21

Has the prevalence of ASD increased or decreased over the last 15 years?

Answer 21

increased dramatically, especially among young boys