Chapter 5

Question 1

Intellectual disability

Answer 1

significant limitations in general cognitive abilities and adaptive functioning

Question 2

Prevalence of intellectual disability

Answer 2

2-3% (based on IQ), slightly more common in males due to x chromosomes/ more vulnerable CNS

Question 3

Examples of intellectual deficits

Answer 3

impairment of language, reasoning, problem solving, planning, academic learning, real-world learning

Question 4

Deficits in adaptive functioning

Answer 4

conceptual skills (language, reading), social skills (conversations, eye contact), practical skills (safety, hygiene)

Question 5

Intellectual disability diagnostic criteria (early onset)

Answer 5

deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning, early onset (begin in childhood)

Question 6

Mild intellectual disability range

Answer 6

IQ of 50 to 70 (85% of cases fall in this category, 1 out of every 100 US individuals)

Question 7

Moderate intellectual disability range

Answer 7

IQ of 35 to 49 (10% of cases)

Question 8

Severe intellectual disability range

Answer 8

IQ of 20 to 34 (3% to 4% of cases)

Question 9

Profound intellectual disability range

Answer 9

IQ below 20 (1% to 2% of cases)

Question 10

Global Development Delay (GDD)

Answer 10

affects 1% to 3% of infants; a slow development across most/all skill dominants: (fine/gross motor skills, speech/language, social/personal, daily living)

Question 11

What is GDD used for

Answer 11

flag impairments in infants/toddlers who are too young to take IQ tests

Question 12

Chromosomal microarray (CMA)

Answer 12

used to find genetic abnormalities; “genetic testing”

Question 13

A portion of children with GDD…

Answer 13

will “catch up”, but many won’t

Question 14

(Theory) Why does intellectual disability occur?

Answer 14

similar sequence hypothesis and/or similar structure hypothesis

Question 15

Similar sequence hypothesis

Answer 15

youth with and without intellectual disability develop along the same sequence; youth with ID develop at slower pace and possible earlier end-point

Question 16

Similar structure hypothesis

Answer 16

children with and without intellectual disabilities are matched in terms of cognitive stage and should perform similarly

Question 17

Challenging behavior in intellectually disabled children

Answer 17

challenging behavior, stereotypes, self-injurious behaviors (SIBs), physical aggression

Question 18

Stereotypes of challenging ID behavior

Answer 18

flaps hands, twirls fingers, grimacing, self-biting/licking

Question 19

How often is physical aggression displayed in children with ID

Answer 19

about 20-25%

Question 20

Fragile X Syndrome

Answer 20

caused by the FMR 1 gene at long arm of X chromosome- makes it fragile

Question 21

PKU

Answer 21

autorecessive metabolic disorder- must inherit the recessive gene from both parents to develop the disorder

Question 22

Craniofacial features associated with FAS

Answer 22

low nasal bridge, short nose, skin folds at corners of eyes, thin upper lip, small midface, small eye opening, small head circumference

Question 23

Prenatal screening

Answer 23

maternal blood tests at 15-18 weeks gestation to detect some developmental disorders

Question 24

Ways to treat ID

Answer 24

prenatal screening, early education programs, academic inclusion, IDEIA (identification of ID youth and IEP), universal design, contingency management (reinforcers/consequences), atypical antipsychotic medication

Question 25

Event recording

Answer 25

used to assess frequently occurring discrete behaviors (ex: # of times action is performed)

Question 26

Interval recording

Answer 26

appropriate for frequently occurring behaviors without clear beginnings or endings