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RT 203 > CHAPTER 6 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 6 Flashcards

1
Q

It is a combination of both the visibility and the sharpness of recorded detail

A

Radiographic quality

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2
Q

Combine to make up the overall or radiographic contrast

A

Detector contrast

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3
Q

Due to the patient and the film

A

SUBJECT CONTRAST

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4
Q

Often called image density or simply density which describes the degree of darkness or blackening of the x-ray image

A

OD (optical density)

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5
Q

It is the logarithm of the ratio of the incident light intensity on the film the intensity transmitted through the film

A

Optical density

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6
Q

The OD of the film is equal to ______

A

2

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7
Q

OD is measured using an ___________

A

Optical densitometer

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8
Q

Images in diagnostic radiology have ODs that range from ___________

A

0.2-3.0

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9
Q

The most useful information of ODs range at

A

0.5 to 1.5

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10
Q

Technical factors which affects density

A

Controlling (primary)
Influencing

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11
Q

When a change is necessary to the overall density of an image, the ___________ and ___________ should be change before any other changes is made

A

Controlling/primary factor. And mAs

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12
Q

Is the controlling or primary technical factor used to control image density?

A

mAs

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13
Q

mAs is defined as the product of ___________ and ___________

A

mA and Exposure time

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14
Q

The ___________ controls the number of x-ray protons in the beam or the quantity of x-rays

A

mA

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15
Q

It controls the duration of the exposure

A

Exposure time

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16
Q

What is the factor of when it is necessary to control the amount of density on an image

A

mAs

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17
Q

To create visible , increase in density the mAs must be increased by at least

A

30%

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18
Q

It controls the energy of the x-ray photons, and when it is increased, the quality of the beam is increased and x-ray photons are able to penetrate the tissue of interest

A

Kilovoltage

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19
Q

It is a general rule states that a 15% in increase in KVP will equate to doubling the MAS on the image and 15% decrease will halve the MAS on the image.

A

15% rule

20
Q

The intensity of the x-ray photons striking the film depends on the ________

A

Source-to-image receptor distance (SID)

21
Q

It is the distance between the image receptor and the focal spot or x-ray photon source

A

SID

22
Q

Increasing the SID decreased the number of x-ray photon, striking the film, and this is a result of the ________

A

Inverse square law

23
Q

Doubling the SID, DECREASES the intensity to ________ of the original intensity

A

1/4

24
Q

Reducing the SID to one half, INCREASES the intensity to ________ the original value

A

4 times out of

25
Q

This formula is similar to inverse square law, but is reversed to a direct square law because as already stated, the MAS must increase when the distance is increased or vice versa to maintain the image density

A

Exposure maintenance formula or density maintenance formula

26
Q

It changes the beam by removing soft x-ray photons and hardening the beam which decreases the image density

A

Filtration

27
Q

Restricting the beam size by using collimation reduces the total number of photons available, which reduces the amount of scatter radiation, reaching the image receptor

A

Beam restriction

28
Q

The use of this changes the atomic number of the tissue and affects the image density

A

Contrast media

29
Q

As tissue thickness, atomic number and tissue density INCREASE, the image density

A

Decreases

30
Q

It absorbs Scott there before it can reach the film and deposit unwanted density on the image

A

Grids

31
Q

The type of emit receptor, whether FILM or INTENSIFYING SCREEN used to produce an image will alter the ________

A

Image density

32
Q

It is a decrease in primary beam on the Cathode side of the tube more intense in comparison

A

Anode heel effect

33
Q

The anode heel effect is more visible in radiographs that use a ________

A

short SID and LARGE xray filed size

34
Q

The visibility of the anode heel effect on a radiographic image depends on the

A

SID used
x-ray beam field size
An atomic area of interest

35
Q

It states that the density produced on the radio graph will be equal for any combination of milliamperage and exposure time, as long as the product of MAS is equal

A

Reciprocity law

36
Q

This law holds true for direct exposure radiography

A

Reciprocity law

37
Q

It times to bloom, more higher milliamperages and may occasionally reach a point where they alter the image receptor exposure

A

Large focal spot

38
Q

This adjusts the exposure time to produce acceptable image densities.

A

Automatic exposure control (AEC)

39
Q

This measures the amount of exit radiation striking the image receptor and terminates the exposure when the proper number of x-ray photons has reached the film to provide OPTIMAL DENSITY.

A

Automatic exposure control AEC

40
Q

This are used as AEC detectors

A

Ion Chambers
Scintillation detectors
Solid – state detectors

41
Q

When an AEC circuit is operating changing the KVP will change the image contrast but notthe

A

Image density

42
Q

Is this designed to prevent catastrophic tube damage by terminating exposure after a maximum time if AEC fails

A

Backup timer

43
Q

It is always set in case something goes wrong with AEC circuit

A

Backup timer

44
Q

A typical back up timer setting is approximately at

A

5000 ms

45
Q

This changes the exposure time to maintain the same density following changes in MA kVp or distance

A

AEC circuit

RT 203 (3 decks)

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